Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2024 Jan 17;16(2):273. doi: 10.3390/nu16020273.
The loss of functional beta-cell mass in diabetes is directly linked to the development of diabetic complications. Although dietary flavonoids have demonstrated antidiabetic properties, their potential effects on pancreatic beta-cell preservation and their synergistic benefits with antidiabetic drugs remain underexplored. We have developed a potential functional food enriched in flavonoids by combining cocoa powder and carob flour (CCB), which has shown antidiabetic effects. Here, we investigated the ability of the CCB, alone or in combination with metformin, to preserve pancreatic beta cells in an established diabetic context and their potential synergistic effect. Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF) were fed a CCB-rich diet or a control diet, with or without metformin, for 12 weeks. Markers of pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as relative beta-cell mass and beta-cell apoptosis, were analyzed. Results demonstrated that CCB feeding counteracted pancreatic oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense and reducing reactive oxygen species. Moreover, the CCB suppressed islet inflammation by preventing macrophage infiltration into islets and overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, along with the inactivation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). As a result, the CCB supplementation prevented beta-cell apoptosis and the loss of beta cells in ZDF diabetic animals. The observed additive effect when combining the CCB with metformin underscores its potential as an adjuvant therapy to delay the progression of type 2 diabetes.
糖尿病中功能性β细胞数量的减少与糖尿病并发症的发展直接相关。虽然膳食类黄酮已被证明具有抗糖尿病作用，但它们对胰腺β细胞保护的潜在影响及其与抗糖尿病药物的协同作用仍未得到充分探索。我们通过将可可粉和角豆粉结合起来开发了一种富含类黄酮的潜在功能性食品（CCB），该食品已显示出抗糖尿病作用。在这里，我们研究了 CCB 单独或与二甲双胍联合使用在已建立的糖尿病环境中保护胰腺β细胞的能力及其潜在的协同作用。12 周内，给 Zucker 糖尿病肥胖大鼠（ZDF）喂食富含 CCB 的饮食或对照饮食，并添加或不添加二甲双胍。分析了胰腺氧化应激和炎症的标志物，以及相对β细胞质量和β细胞凋亡。结果表明，CCB 通过增强抗氧化防御和减少活性氧来抵抗胰腺氧化应激。此外，CCB 通过防止巨噬细胞浸润胰岛和过度产生促炎细胞因子以及核因子 kappa B（NFκB）失活来抑制胰岛炎症。结果，CCB 补充预防了 ZDF 糖尿病动物的β细胞凋亡和β细胞丢失。当将 CCB 与二甲双胍联合使用时观察到的相加作用强调了它作为辅助治疗的潜力，可以延缓 2 型糖尿病的进展。
