Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia.
Functional Nano Powder University Center of Excellence (FiNder U-CoE), Padjadjaran University, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jan 12;24(2):494. doi: 10.3390/s24020494.
Traditional aquaculture systems appear challenged by the high levels of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) produced, which can harm aquatic life. As demand for global fish production continues to increase, farmers should adopt recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) equipped with biofilters to improve the water quality of the culture. The biofilter plays a crucial role in ammonia removal. Therefore, a biofilter such as a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) biofilter is usually used in the RAS to reduce ammonia. However, the disadvantage of biofilter operation is that it requires an automatic system with a water quality monitoring and control system to ensure optimal performance. Therefore, this study focuses on developing an Internet of Things (IoT) system to monitor and control water quality to achieve optimal biofilm performance in laboratory-scale MBBR. From 35 days into the experiment, water quality was maintained by an aerator's on/off control to provide oxygen levels suitable for the aquatic environment while monitoring the pH, temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). When the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the MBBR was optimal, the highest TAN removal efficiency was 50%, with the biofilm thickness reaching 119.88 μm. The forthcoming applications of the IoT water quality monitoring and control system in MBBR enable farmers to set up a system in RAS that can perform real-time measurements, alerts, and adjustments of critical water quality parameters such as TAN levels.
传统水产养殖系统似乎受到产生的高总氨氮 (TAN) 水平的挑战，这会对水生生物造成伤害。随着全球鱼类产量需求的持续增长，养殖户应采用配备生物过滤器的循环水养殖系统 (RAS)，以改善养殖水的水质。生物过滤器在氨去除方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，RAS 中通常使用移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR) 生物过滤器等生物过滤器来减少氨。然而，生物过滤器运行的缺点是需要配备水质监测和控制系统的自动系统，以确保最佳性能。因此，本研究专注于开发物联网 (IoT) 系统来监测和控制水质，以在实验室规模的 MBBR 中实现最佳生物膜性能。从实验的第 35 天开始，通过增氧机的开/关控制来维持水质，以提供适合水生环境的氧气水平，同时监测 pH 值、温度和总溶解固体 (TDS)。当 MBBR 中的溶解氧 (DO) 达到最佳水平时，TAN 的去除效率最高可达 50%，生物膜厚度达到 119.88 μm。即将在 MBBR 中应用的物联网水质监测和控制系统使养殖户能够在 RAS 中建立一个能够实时测量、发出警报和调整关键水质参数（如 TAN 水平）的系统。
