促性腺激素释放激素 2 及其受体在人类生殖系统癌症中的作用。
Role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 and its receptor in human reproductive cancers.
机构信息
School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States.
出版信息
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024 Jan 8;14:1341162. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1341162. eCollection 2023.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) and its receptor (GnRHR1) drive reproduction by regulating gonadotropins. Another form, GnRH2, and its receptor (GnRHR2), also exist in mammals. In humans, and genes are present, but coding errors in the gene are predicted to hinder full-length protein production. Nonetheless, mounting evidence supports the presence of a functional GnRHR2 in humans. GnRH2 and its receptor have been identified throughout the body, including peripheral reproductive tissues like the ovary, uterus, breast, and prostate. In addition, GnRH2 and its receptor have been detected in a wide number of reproductive cancer cells in humans. Notably, GnRH2 analogues have potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and/or anti-metastatic effects on various reproductive cancers, including endometrial, breast, placental, ovarian, and prostate. Thus, GnRH2 is an emerging target to treat human reproductive cancers.
促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH1）及其受体（GnRHR1）通过调节促性腺激素来驱动生殖。另一种形式的 GnRH2 及其受体（GnRHR2）也存在于哺乳动物中。在人类中， 和 基因存在，但 基因中的编码错误预计会阻碍全长蛋白的产生。尽管如此，越来越多的证据支持人类存在功能性 GnRHR2。GnRH2 及其受体已在全身范围内被识别，包括卵巢、子宫、乳房和前列腺等外周生殖组织。此外，在人类的许多生殖癌细胞中也检测到 GnRH2 及其受体。值得注意的是，GnRH2 类似物对各种生殖癌，包括子宫内膜癌、乳腺癌、胎盘癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌，具有强大的抗增殖、促凋亡和/或抗转移作用。因此，GnRH2 是治疗人类生殖癌的一个新兴靶点。
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