Cancino-Faure Beatriz, González Christian R, Piñeiro González Alejandro, Pinochet Soledad, Bustos Sofía, Morchón Rodrigo, Piñeiro Cazaux Alejandro, Quezada Aguilar Ivonne, Salas Espinoza Merayot, Acevedo Salgado Rodrigo, Barra Díaz Carmen, Segovia Christian, Lozada-Yavina Rafael, Álvarez Rojas Cristian A
Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología, Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.
Instituto de Entomología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Jan 8;10:1334832. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1334832. eCollection 2023.
Climate change, competent vectors, and reservoir animals are the main factors for developing vector-borne zoonotic diseases. These diseases encompass a significant and widespread category of pathogens (e.g., viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths) transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, including ticks, fleas, lice, triatomines, mosquitoes, sandflies, and blackflies. In Chile, several studies have explored the role of dogs as reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens; however, there is a lack of research investigating the presence of pathogens in arthropods. Specifically, within the order Diptera, limited knowledge exists regarding their roles as carriers of pathogens. This study aimed to examine the presence of zoonotic filarial nematodes in mosquitoes and dogs within a previously unstudied semi-rural area of Central Chile. Two hundred samples of dog blood and seven hundred and twenty-four mosquitoes were collected during 2021-2022 and studied for filarial nematodes by PCR. The prevalence of microfilaremic dogs detected by Knott's test was 7.5%, with being the only species identified. () was the most abundant mosquito species collected, and 15 out of 65 pools were positive for filarial nematodes. Among these pools, 13 tested positive for , and two tested positive for through PCR. Additionally, five specimens were positive for . Despite the absence of zoonotic filarial species, these findings underscore the significance of monitoring pathogens in mosquitoes and animal hosts and continued research into the dynamics of vector-borne diseases, particularly in unexplored regions.
气候变化、适宜的病媒以及储存宿主动物是导致媒介传播人畜共患病的主要因素。这些疾病包含了一大类由吸血节肢动物传播的重要且广泛的病原体（如病毒、细菌、原生动物和蠕虫），这些节肢动物包括蜱、跳蚤、虱子、锥蝽、蚊子、白蛉和蚋。在智利，多项研究探讨了狗作为媒介传播病原体储存宿主的作用；然而，缺乏对节肢动物中病原体存在情况的研究。具体而言，在双翅目昆虫中，关于它们作为病原体携带者的作用，人们了解有限。本研究旨在调查智利中部一个此前未被研究的半农村地区的蚊子和狗体内人畜共患丝状线虫的存在情况。在2021 - 2022年期间采集了200份狗的血液样本和724只蚊子，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测丝状线虫。通过诺特氏试验检测到的微丝蚴血症犬的患病率为7.5%， 是唯一被鉴定出的物种。（ ）是采集到的数量最多的蚊子种类，在65个样本池中，有15个对丝状线虫呈阳性反应。在这些样本池中，通过PCR检测，有13个对 呈阳性，2个对 呈阳性。此外，有5个 样本对 呈阳性。尽管没有发现人畜共患丝状线虫物种，但这些发现强调了监测蚊子和动物宿主中病原体的重要性，以及对媒介传播疾病动态，特别是在未探索地区的持续研究的重要性。
