IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2024 Mar 2;413:110577. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110577. Epub 2024 Jan 17.
Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) stand as the predominant agents associated with viral foodborne infections. Outbreaks have been documented to be caused by various types of food items, including fresh and/or frozen berries. Comprehensive data concerning crucial viral pathogens in berries remain limited and are not currently available in aggregate form. Consequently, the present study aimed to compile the existing information regarding the prevalence of NoV and HAV in this matrix. Records of foodborne viruses were systematically extracted from database repositories up to December 2022, adhering to PRISMA standards and were subjected to a multilevel random effect meta-analysis model to determine the mean occurrence rate of NoV and HAV. A high heterogeneity across studies was observed (I = 82 %), reflecting variations in the prevalence of sampling locations, years, berry types, and sample conditions, among other potential contributing factors. The prevalence of NoV and HAV in berries was calculated at 2.12 % (95 % CI 1.74-2.59 %), and no statistically differences were observed among the viral types or genogroup categories. However, it is important to clarify that this estimate should be taken with caution given the high heterogeneity. There was no discernible correlation between viral prevalence and any particular berry type. However, there was a temporal correlation observed with the year of sampling, revealing a significantly decreasing trend throughout the study period. A significant influence of the sample condition (fresh or frozen) was observed in relation to the prevalence of NoV GII and HAV. Overall higher viral prevalences were identified in berries originating from African countries as compared to those sourced from other continents. It was also noted that the prevalence of NoV GI was significantly higher in samples collected directly from farms compared to those obtained from retailers. The outcomes of this comprehensive meta-analysis propose that while viral contamination of berries is diminishing in more recent times, the prevalence remains substantial in certain African countries, having a significant risk for foodborne infections. It is imperative to implement intervention strategies in these regions to enhance product safety.
诺如病毒（NoV）和甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）是与食源性病毒感染相关的主要病原体。已有记录表明，各种类型的食物，包括新鲜和/或冷冻浆果，都可能引发疫情。关于浆果中关键病毒病原体的综合数据仍然有限，目前还没有汇总形式。因此，本研究旨在汇编有关该基质中 NoV 和 HAV 流行率的现有信息。根据 PRISMA 标准，从数据库存储库中系统地提取食源性病原体记录，并进行多级随机效应荟萃分析模型，以确定 NoV 和 HAV 的平均发生率。研究之间存在高度异质性（I=82%），这反映了采样地点、年份、浆果类型和样本条件等潜在因素的差异。浆果中 NoV 和 HAV 的流行率为 2.12%（95%CI 1.74-2.59%），病毒类型或基因群类别之间没有统计学差异。然而，需要注意的是，由于高度异质性，这一估计应该谨慎对待。病毒流行率与任何特定的浆果类型之间没有明显的相关性。然而，在采样年份方面观察到了时间相关性，显示出整个研究期间呈显著下降趋势。样本条件（新鲜或冷冻）对 NoV GII 和 HAV 的流行率有显著影响。与其他大陆相比，来自非洲国家的浆果中发现的病毒流行率总体较高。还注意到，与从零售商处获得的样本相比，直接从农场采集的样本中 NoV GI 的流行率显著更高。这项全面的荟萃分析结果表明，虽然浆果的病毒污染在最近有所减少，但在某些非洲国家仍然相当普遍，存在食源性感染的重大风险。在这些地区实施干预策略以增强产品安全性至关重要。
