CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology & Center of Deep Sea Research, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
Elife. 2024 Jan 24;12:RP89874. doi: 10.7554/eLife.89874.
bacteria are ubiquitously distributed across various biospheres and play key roles in global element cycles. However, few deep-sea members have been cultivated, limiting our understanding of in the deep biosphere. Here, we have successfully cultured a novel strain of (strain ZRK32) from a deep-sea cold seep sediment. Our genomic, physiological, and phylogenetic analyses indicate that strain ZRK32 is a novel species, which we propose be named: . We show that strain ZRK32 replicates using a budding mode of division. Based on the combined results from growth assays and transcriptomic analyses, we found that rich nutrients, or supplementation with NO or NH promoted the growth of strain ZRK32 by facilitating energy production through the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolysis pathway. Moreover, supplementation with NO or NH induced strain ZRK32 to release a bacteriophage in a chronic manner, without host cell lysis. This bacteriophage then enabled strain ZRK32, and another marine bacterium that we studied, to metabolize nitrogen through the function of auxiliary metabolic genes. Overall, these findings expand our understanding of deep-sea bacteria, while highlighting their ability to metabolize nitrogen when reprogrammed by chronic viruses.
细菌广泛分布于各个生物圈，在全球元素循环中发挥着关键作用。然而，深海成员的培养数量较少，这限制了我们对深海生物圈中细菌的了解。在这里，我们成功地从深海冷泉沉积物中培养出一种新型的（菌株 ZRK32）。我们的基因组、生理和系统发育分析表明，菌株 ZRK32 是一种新型物种，我们建议将其命名为：。我们表明，菌株 ZRK32 通过出芽分裂模式进行复制。基于生长测定和转录组分析的综合结果，我们发现丰富的营养物质，或补充 NO 或 NH，通过促进三羧酸循环和糖酵解途径来促进能量产生，从而促进菌株 ZRK32 的生长。此外，补充 NO 或 NH 以慢性方式诱导菌株 ZRK32 释放噬菌体，而宿主细胞不会裂解。这种噬菌体随后使菌株 ZRK32 和我们研究的另一种海洋细菌能够通过辅助代谢基因的功能代谢氮。总的来说，这些发现扩展了我们对深海细菌的理解，同时强调了它们在被慢性病毒重新编程时代谢氮的能力。
