Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India.
Department of Microbiology, Kingston College of Science, Beruanpukuria, Barasat, West Bengal, 700219, India.
Infection. 2024 Apr;52(2):345-384. doi: 10.1007/s15010-023-02159-9. Epub 2024 Jan 25.
This study aims to comprehensively review the multifaceted factors underlying the successful colonization and infection process of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a prominent Gram-negative pathogen in humans. The focus is on elucidating the functions, mechanisms, genetic regulation, and potential cross-interactions of these elements.
Employing a literature review approach, this study examines the intricate interactions between H. pylori and its host. It delves into virulence factors like VacA, CagA, DupA, Urease, along with phase variable genes, such as babA, babC, hopZ, etc., giving insights about the bacterial perspective of the infection The association of these factors with the infection has also been added in the form of statistical data via Funnel and Forest plots, citing the potential of the virulence and also adding an aspect of geographical biasness to the virulence factors. The biochemical characteristics and clinical relevance of these factors and their effects on host cells are individually examined, both comprehensively and statistically.
H. pylori is a Gram-negative, spiral bacterium that successfully colonises the stomach of more than half of the world's population, causing peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, MALT lymphoma, and other gastro-duodenal disorders. The clinical outcomes of H. pylori infection are influenced by a complex interplay between virulence factors and phase variable genes produced by the infecting strain and the host genetic background. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of all the major virulence factors has also been appended.
This study illuminates the diverse elements contributing to H. pylori's colonization and infection. The interplay between virulence factors, phase variable genes, and host genetics determines the outcome of the infection. Despite biochemical insights into many factors, their comprehensive regulation remains an understudied area. By offering a panoramic view of these factors and their functions, this study enhances understanding of the bacterium's perspective, i.e. H. pylori's journey from infiltration to successful establishment within the host's stomach.
本研究旨在全面综述幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori，H. pylori）定植和感染过程中的多方面因素，H. pylori 是人类中一种重要的革兰氏阴性病原体。本研究重点在于阐明这些因素的功能、机制、遗传调控以及潜在的相互作用。
本研究采用文献综述的方法，研究 H. pylori 与其宿主之间的复杂相互作用。深入探讨了毒力因子，如 VacA、CagA、DupA、尿素酶，以及相位可变基因，如 babA、babC、hopZ 等，从细菌感染的角度深入了解这些因素。还以统计数据的形式通过漏斗图和森林图添加了这些因素与感染的关联，说明了毒力的潜力，并为毒力因素增加了地理偏见的方面。单独检查了这些因素的生化特征和临床相关性及其对宿主细胞的影响，全面且具有统计学意义。
H. pylori 是一种革兰氏阴性、螺旋形细菌，成功定植于全球超过一半人口的胃部，导致消化性溃疡、胃癌、MALT 淋巴瘤和其他胃肠疾病。H. pylori 感染的临床结果受感染菌株产生的毒力因子和相位可变基因与宿主遗传背景之间复杂相互作用的影响。还附加了对所有主要毒力因子流行率的荟萃分析。
本研究阐明了导致 H. pylori 定植和感染的多种因素。毒力因子、相位可变基因和宿主遗传之间的相互作用决定了感染的结果。尽管对许多因素的生化有了深入的了解，但它们的全面调控仍然是一个研究不足的领域。通过提供这些因素及其功能的全景视图，本研究增强了对细菌视角的理解，即 H. pylori 从渗透到成功定植在宿主胃部的旅程。
