North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Cells Dev. 2024 Mar;177:203902. doi: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203902. Epub 2024 Jan 26.
The mechanisms by which the vertebrate stomach undergoes its evolutionarily conserved leftward bending remain incompletely understood. Although the left and right sides of the organ are known to possess different gene expression patterns and undergo distinct morphogenetic events, the physical mechanisms by which these differences generate morphological asymmetry remain unclear. Here, we develop a continuum model of asymmetric stomach morphogenesis. Using a morphoelastic framework, we investigate the morphogenetic implications of a variety of hypothetical, tissue-level growth differences between the left and right sides of a simplified tubular organ. Simulations reveal that, of the various differential growth mechanisms tested, only one category is consistent with the leftward stomach curvature observed in wild-type embryos: equal left and right volumetric growth rates, coupled with transversely isotropic tissue thinning on the left side. Simulating this mechanism in a defined region of the model over a longer period of growth leads to mature stomach-like curvatures.
脊椎动物胃的进化保守性向左弯曲的机制仍不完全清楚。尽管已知器官的左右两侧具有不同的基因表达模式，并经历不同的形态发生事件，但这些差异产生形态不对称性的物理机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们开发了一个不对称胃形态发生的连续体模型。使用形态弹性框架，我们研究了各种假设的组织水平生长差异对简化管状器官左右两侧的形态发生的影响。模拟表明，在所测试的各种差异生长机制中，只有一类与野生型胚胎中观察到的胃向左弯曲相一致：左右等体积生长率，左侧横向各向异性组织变薄。在模型的一个定义区域中模拟该机制更长时间的生长会导致成熟的胃样弯曲。
