Zhang Yijun, Zhao Jinfeng, Mavoa Suzanne, Fenaughty John, Clark Terryann C, Crengle Sue, Smith Melody
School of Nursing, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Australia.
SSM Popul Health. 2024 Jan 4;25:101603. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101603. eCollection 2024 Mar.
This study explored the relationship between green space accessibility (GSA) in residential area and adolescents' mental well-being, and whether the relationship was moderated by sociodemographic factors (sex, ethnicity, neighbourhood deprivation), identities (gender and sexuality minority, disability) and perceived neighbourhood safety simultaneously. Data from 3813 adolescents who lived in Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand were obtained from the Youth19 Rangatahi Smart Survey. A Gaussian-based two-step floating catchment area method was employed to measure the spatial accessibility to green space at the neighbourhood level. The World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index was used to assess emotional well-being (EW), and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-short form was employed to measure depressive symptoms (DS). Through moderation analyses, results showed that perceived neighbourhood safety plays a vital role in the GSA - mental well-being association, with a negative trend in adolescents who reported being less safe in neighbourhoods. Adverse associations of GSA were found in gender and sexuality minority, disabled, Asian and Pacific adolescents, under the condition of not feeling safe in neighbourhoods all the time. The results showed marginalised adolescents tended to feel less safe in neighbourhoods, have lower EW and a higher level of DS. Additionally, the results from bivariate correlations showed there were inequalities in GSA for adolescents who lived in most deprived neighbourhoods and adolescents of Māori ethnicity. This study provides novel evidence of the importance of safe and inclusive green space for effectively promoting mental health and mitigating health inequalities of adolescents in urban areas.
本研究探讨了居住区绿地可达性（GSA）与青少年心理健康之间的关系，以及这种关系是否同时受到社会人口学因素（性别、种族、邻里贫困）、身份认同（性别和性取向少数群体、残疾）和邻里安全感的调节。来自新西兰奥塔哥马考劳（Tāmaki Makaurau Auckland）的3813名青少年的数据取自“青年19（Youth19 Rangatahi）智能调查”。采用基于高斯的两步浮动集水区方法来衡量邻里层面绿地的空间可达性。使用世界卫生组织-5幸福指数评估情绪幸福感（EW），并采用雷诺兹青少年抑郁量表简版来测量抑郁症状（DS）。通过调节分析，结果表明，邻里安全感在GSA与心理健康的关联中起着至关重要的作用，对于那些表示邻里安全感较低的青少年呈负相关趋势。在邻里一直感觉不安全的情况下，发现GSA与性别和性取向少数群体、残疾、亚洲和太平洋地区青少年存在不良关联。结果表明，被边缘化的青少年在邻里中往往感觉安全感较低，情绪幸福感较低，抑郁症状水平较高。此外，双变量相关性结果表明，居住在最贫困社区的青少年和毛利族青少年在GSA方面存在不平等。本研究为安全且包容的绿地对于有效促进城市地区青少年心理健康和减轻健康不平等的重要性提供了新的证据。
