2012-2019 年青少年心理健康和幸福感的迅速和不平等下降：来自新西兰横断面调查的发现。
Rapid and unequal decline in adolescent mental health and well-being 2012-2019: Findings from New Zealand cross-sectional surveys.
机构信息
School of Health, Te Herenga Waka, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
School of Psychology, Te Herenga Waka, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
出版信息
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2023 Feb;57(2):264-282. doi: 10.1177/00048674221138503. Epub 2022 Dec 1.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate prevalence and trends in key mental health and well-being indicators among New Zealand secondary school students.
METHODS
Representative cross-sectional youth health surveys with 2-4% of the New Zealand secondary school population were conducted in 2001, 2007, 2012 and 2019 (total = 34,548).
RESULTS
In 2019, 69.1% reported good well-being (95% confidence interval = [67.6, 70.6]; World Health Organization 5-item), 22.8% reported clinically significant depression symptoms (95% confidence interval = [21.4, 24.1]; Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale-Short Form) and 41.8% reported possible anxiety symptoms (95% confidence interval = [40.5, 43.2]; Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2, adapted). Past-year prevalence of periods of low mood (38.3%, 95% confidence interval = [36.6, 40.1]), deliberate self-harm (24.1%, 95% confidence interval = [22.8, 25.4]), suicide thoughts (20.8%, 95% confidence interval = [19.2, 22.4]) and suicide attempts (6.3%, 95% confidence interval = [5.5, 7.0]) were observed. After relative stability from 2001 to 2012, there were large declines in mental health to 2019. The proportion reporting good well-being decreased (odds ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval = [0.65, 0.78], < 0.001), depression symptoms increased (odds ratio 1.96, 95% confidence interval = [1.75, 2.20], < 0.001) and past-year suicide thoughts and suicide attempts increased (odds ratio 1.41, 95% confidence interval = [1.25, 1.59], < 0.001; odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval = [1.32, 1.92], < 0.001). Past-year deliberate self-harm was largely stable. Declines in mental health were unevenly spread and were generally greater among those with higher need in 2012 (females, Māori and Pacific students and those from higher deprivation neighbourhoods), increasing inequity, and among Asian students.
CONCLUSION
Adolescent mental health needs are high in New Zealand and have increased sharply from 2012 among all demographic groups, especially females, Māori, Pacific and Asian students and those from high-deprivation neighbourhoods. Ethnic and socioeconomic disparities have widened.
目的
调查新西兰中学生主要心理健康和幸福感指标的流行率和趋势。
方法
2001 年、2007 年、2012 年和 2019 年（总计 34548 人），对新西兰 2%至 4%的中学生进行了具有代表性的横断面青少年健康调查。
结果
2019 年，69.1%的人报告良好的幸福感（95%置信区间=[67.6, 70.6]；世界卫生组织 5 项），22.8%的人报告临床显著抑郁症状（95%置信区间=[21.4, 24.1]；雷诺兹青少年抑郁量表-短式），41.8%的人报告可能存在焦虑症状（95%置信区间=[40.5, 43.2]；一般焦虑障碍 2 项，改编）。过去一年，情绪低落（38.3%，95%置信区间=[36.6, 40.1]）、故意自我伤害（24.1%，95%置信区间=[22.8, 25.4]）、自杀念头（20.8%，95%置信区间=[19.2, 22.4]）和自杀企图（6.3%，95%置信区间=[5.5, 7.0]）的发生率有所观察。在 2001 年至 2012 年相对稳定之后，到 2019 年心理健康状况大幅下降。报告良好幸福感的比例下降（比值比 0.71，95%置信区间=[0.65, 0.78]，<0.001），抑郁症状增加（比值比 1.96，95%置信区间=[1.75, 2.20]，<0.001），过去一年自杀念头和自杀企图增加（比值比 1.41，95%置信区间=[1.25, 1.59]，<0.001；比值比 1.60，95%置信区间=[1.32, 1.92]，<0.001）。过去一年故意自我伤害基本稳定。心理健康状况的下降分布不均，在 2012 年有更高需求的人群中（女性、毛利人和太平洋岛民学生以及来自高贫困社区的学生）更为普遍，这导致了不公平程度的增加，特别是在亚裔学生中。
结论
新西兰青少年的心理健康需求很高，所有人群，特别是女性、毛利人、太平洋岛民和亚裔学生以及来自高贫困社区的学生，其心理健康状况从 2012 年开始急剧恶化。种族和社会经济差距扩大。
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