Meeker Timothy J, Kim Hee Jun, Tulloch Ingrid K, Keaser Michael L, Seminowicz David A, Dorsey Susan G
Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Pain Rep. 2024 Jan 24;9(1):e1133. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000001133. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Previous studies have demonstrated associations between sex and racialized group on pain sensitivity and tolerance. We analyzed the association of sex and racialized group on heat pain sensitivity, sensibility to painful suprathreshold mechanical pain (STMP), and pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ). We hypothesized that anxiety and pain catastrophizing reported by racialized minority groups and women would mediate enhanced pain sensitivity. Our secondary aim was to evaluate validity of the PSQ in a diverse population.
Using quantitative sensory testing for painful heat, STMP (forces: 64, 128, 256, and 512 mN), and PSQ, we evaluated pain sensitivity in 134 healthy participants [34 (18 women) Asian, 25 (13 women) Black, and 75 (41 women) White]. We used general linear and linear mixed models to analyze outcomes. We assessed mediation of state and trait anxiety and pain catastrophizing on pain sensitivity.
Racialized minority status was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 7.63; = 0.00074) and PSQ scores (F = 15.45; = 9.84 × 10) but not associated with STMP (F = 1.50; = 0.23). Female sex was associated with greater heat pain sensitivity (F = 4.9; = 0.029) and lower PSQ (F = 9.50; = 0.0025) but not associated with STMP (F = 0.0018; = 0.97). Neither anxiety nor pain catastrophizing mediated associations between sex or racialized group with heat pain threshold or PSQ. Differential experience of individual items (F = 19.87; = 3.28 × 10) limited PSQ face validity in racialized minorities.
Consistent with previous research, sensitivity to painful heat was associated with racialized minority status and female sex. By contrast, there was no significant effect of racialized minority status or female sex on STMP. Some PSQ items are inapplicable to participants from racialized minority groups.
先前的研究已经证明性别和种族化群体与疼痛敏感性及耐受性之间存在关联。我们分析了性别和种族化群体与热痛敏感性、疼痛性阈上机械痛（STMP）敏感性以及疼痛敏感性问卷（PSQ）之间的关联。我们假设种族化少数群体和女性报告的焦虑及疼痛灾难化思维会介导增强的疼痛敏感性。我们的次要目标是评估PSQ在不同人群中的有效性。
我们使用对热痛、STMP（力：64、128、256和512毫牛顿）的定量感觉测试以及PSQ，对134名健康参与者[34名（18名女性）亚洲人、25名（13名女性）黑人以及75名（41名女性）白人]的疼痛敏感性进行了评估。我们使用一般线性模型和线性混合模型来分析结果。我们评估了状态焦虑、特质焦虑以及疼痛灾难化思维对疼痛敏感性的介导作用。
种族化少数群体身份与更高的热痛敏感性（F = 7.63；P = 0.00074）和PSQ得分（F = 15.45；P = 9.84×10⁻⁴）相关，但与STMP无关（F = 1.50；P = 0.23）。女性性别与更高的热痛敏感性（F = 4.9；P = 0.029）和更低的PSQ得分（F = 9.50；P = 0.0025）相关，但与STMP无关（F = 0.0018；P = 0.97）。焦虑和疼痛灾难化思维均未介导性别或种族化群体与热痛阈值或PSQ之间的关联。个体项目的差异体验（F = 19.87；P = 3.28×10⁻⁵）限制了PSQ在种族化少数群体中的表面效度。
与先前的研究一致，对热痛的敏感性与种族化少数群体身份和女性性别相关。相比之下，种族化少数群体身份或女性性别对STMP没有显著影响。一些PSQ项目不适用于来自种族化少数群体的参与者。
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