Rushton J P, Erdle S
Br J Soc Psychol. 1987 Mar;26 ( Pt 1):87-9. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1987.tb00765.x.
An aggressive (and delinquent) personality can be shown to exist when observations are made across a large enough sampling of exemplars. Arguments against the existence of such a personality are based on a failure to use sufficiently aggregated measures. Numerous estimates are preferable in order to average out idiosyncratic variance thereby leaving a clearer view of underlying dimensions of behaviour. We illustrate the usefulness of this principle and suggest that consistent patterns of individual and group differences in aggression are to be found, are associated with delinquent behaviour, and are moderately heritable.
当对足够多的范例进行观察时，就可以证明存在一种攻击性（和犯罪性）人格。反对这种人格存在的观点是基于未能使用充分综合的测量方法。为了平均掉个体差异从而更清楚地了解行为的潜在维度，采用多种估计方法更为可取。我们阐述了这一原则的实用性，并指出在攻击性方面个体和群体差异的一致模式是可以找到的，这些模式与犯罪行为相关，并且具有中等程度的遗传性。
