Tremblay R E, Loeber R, Gagnon C, Charlebois P, Larivée S, LeBlanc M
Research Unit on Children's Psycho-Social Maladjustment, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montréal, Canada.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1991 Jun;19(3):285-300. doi: 10.1007/BF00911232.
Boys' fighting was assessed at ages six, eight, and nine. The boys (N = 69) had been selected from the 30% most disruptive children in kindergartens from low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Twenty-three percent of these disruptive boys were rated as high fighters on three assessments ("stable high fighters"), and 28% were rated as high fighters on two of the three assessments ("variable high fighters"). Forty-two percent were rated as high fighters only one out of three assessments ("occasional high fighters") and 7% were never rated as high fighters. Only high fighting in two successive years significantly increased the risk of being rated a high fighter in a following year. At age 10, stable high fighters (high fighters at ages 6, 8, 9) were perceived by teachers, peers, mothers, and the boys themselves as more disruptive and more antisocial than occasional high fighters. These results show an impressive self-other agreement in boys who have adopted a physically aggressive life style from an early age. The three groups did not differ on individual family demographic characteristics, but stable high fighters had a higher mean on an index of family socioeconomic disadvantage. Results indicate that the aggression scales which include only a few physical aggression items and many disruptive items (oppositional behavior, rejection, hyperactivity, inattention, etc.) probably aggregate two kinds of disruptive boys, the high-frequency fighters at high risk for stable disruptive, physically aggressive, and antisocial behaviors, and the disruptive low-frequency fighters who are at a lower risk of stable disruptive behavior and at a lower risk of early antisocial behavior.
对男孩在6岁、8岁和9岁时的打架行为进行了评估。这些男孩（N = 69）是从社会经济地位较低社区幼儿园中最具破坏性行为的30%的儿童中挑选出来的。在这三项评估中，23%的具有破坏性行为的男孩被评为经常打架的人（“稳定的经常打架者”），28%的男孩在三项评估中的两项被评为经常打架的人（“不稳定的经常打架者”）。42%的男孩仅在三项评估中的一项被评为经常打架的人（“偶尔打架者”），7%的男孩从未被评为经常打架的人。只有连续两年经常打架才会显著增加下一年被评为经常打架者的风险。在10岁时，教师、同伴、母亲以及男孩自己都认为，稳定的经常打架者（6岁、8岁、9岁时经常打架）比偶尔打架者更具破坏性和反社会行为。这些结果表明，从小就采取身体攻击性行为方式的男孩在自我认知和他人认知方面达成了令人印象深刻的一致。这三组在个人家庭人口统计学特征方面没有差异，但稳定的经常打架者在家庭社会经济劣势指数上的平均分更高。结果表明，那些仅包含少数身体攻击项目和许多破坏性行为项目（对立行为、被拒绝、多动、注意力不集中等）的攻击量表可能将两类具有破坏性行为的男孩归为一类，一类是高频打架者，他们有较高风险出现持续的破坏性行为、身体攻击性行为和反社会行为；另一类是低频打架的破坏性行为者，他们出现持续破坏性行为的风险较低，早期出现反社会行为的风险也较低。
