Surgical Specialties and Anesthesiology Department, Botucatu Medical School, State University of São Paulo- UNESP, Avenida Professor Mário Rubens Montenegro, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil.
Bauru State Hospital, Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 1-100 - Nucleo Res. Pres. Geisel, Bauru, SP, 17033-360, Brazil.
BMC Ophthalmol. 2024 Jan 29;24(1):43. doi: 10.1186/s12886-024-03302-2.
Trachoma is a notifiable disease in the state of São Paulo- Brazil. However, in Jaú, a municipality located in this state, in the last 10 years there are no records of cases. This study purpose is to assess if there are cases of inflammatory trachoma in schoolchildren aged 1 to 9 years in the municipality of Jaú as well if it is possible to detect clusters areas of the disease to establish elimination programs.
An epidemiological study was performed in 2018, involving a stratified random sample of schoolchildren aged 1- to 9-year-old, from public day care centers and elementary schools in the municipality of Jaú. A trachoma screening following the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the distribution of cases was assessed using geoprocessing.
Four thousand-six hundred-nineteen children from 44 elementary schools were examined, and 126 children with active trachoma were detected, with an adjusted prevalence rate of 2.65%. The prevalence was higher (3.01%) in children aged 6- to 9-year-old compared to children aged 1-to 5-year-old (2.42%). There were clusters with a higher concentration of positive cases of the disease in three schools located in the neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic conditions.
Inflammatory trachoma still present in children aged 1- to 9-year-old in the city of Jaú. The positive cases were located mainly in areas with low socioeconomic conditions. Health promotion with active search and periodical treatment must be planned to fight this important blinding cause, that persists in our municipality.
沙眼是巴西圣保罗州的一种法定传染病。然而，在该州的若乌市，在过去 10 年中，没有该病的病例记录。本研究旨在评估若乌市 1 至 9 岁学童中是否存在炎症性沙眼病例，以及是否有可能发现该疾病的聚集区，以制定消除该疾病的计划。
2018 年进行了一项流行病学研究，涉及该市公立日托中心和小学的 1 至 9 岁年龄组的分层随机抽样学童。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的标准对沙眼进行筛查，并利用地理信息处理评估病例的分布情况。
共检查了 44 所小学的 4619 名儿童，发现 126 名儿童患有活动性沙眼，调整后的患病率为 2.65%。6 至 9 岁儿童的患病率（3.01%）高于 1 至 5 岁儿童（2.42%）。在三个位于社会经济条件较低的社区的学校中发现了疾病阳性病例的聚集。
在若乌市，1 至 9 岁儿童中仍存在炎症性沙眼。阳性病例主要集中在社会经济条件较低的地区。必须计划开展促进健康的活动，积极搜索并定期治疗，以应对这一在我市持续存在的重要致盲病因。
