Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain Diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
Curr Neuropharmacol. 2024;22(13):2217-2239. doi: 10.2174/1570159X22666240128102039.
Memory refers to the imprint accumulated in the brain by life experiences and represents the basis for humans to engage in advanced psychological activities such as thinking and imagination. Previously, research activities focused on memory have always targeted neurons. However, in addition to neurons, astrocytes are also involved in the encoding, consolidation, and extinction of memory. In particular, astrocytes are known to affect the recruitment and function of neurons at the level of local synapses and brain networks. Moreover, the involvement of astrocytes in memory and memory-related disorders, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), has been investigated extensively. In this review, we describe the unique contributions of astrocytes to synaptic plasticity and neuronal networks and discuss the role of astrocytes in different types of memory processing. In addition, we also explore the roles of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of memory-related disorders, such as AD, brain aging, PTSD and addiction, thus suggesting that targeting astrocytes may represent a potential strategy to treat memory-related neurological diseases. In conclusion, this review emphasizes that thinking from the perspective of astrocytes will provide new ideas for the diagnosis and therapy of memory-related neurological disorders.
记忆是指生活经历在大脑中积累的印记，是人类进行高级心理活动如思考和想象的基础。以前，针对记忆的研究活动一直针对神经元。然而，除了神经元，星形胶质细胞也参与记忆的编码、巩固和遗忘。特别是，星形胶质细胞被认为会影响局部突触和脑网络中神经元的募集和功能。此外，星形胶质细胞在记忆和记忆相关障碍中的作用，特别是在阿尔茨海默病（AD）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）中的作用，已经得到了广泛的研究。在这篇综述中，我们描述了星形胶质细胞对突触可塑性和神经元网络的独特贡献，并讨论了星形胶质细胞在不同类型的记忆处理中的作用。此外，我们还探讨了星形胶质细胞在记忆相关障碍如 AD、脑老化、PTSD 和成瘾的发病机制中的作用，从而表明靶向星形胶质细胞可能是治疗记忆相关神经疾病的一种潜在策略。总之，本综述强调从星形胶质细胞的角度思考将为记忆相关神经疾病的诊断和治疗提供新的思路。
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