Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, 125367, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2023 Apr;88(4):502-514. doi: 10.1134/S0006297923040065.
Astrocytes perform a wide range of important functions in the brain. As structural and functional components of synapses, astrocytes secrete various factors (proteins, lipids, small molecules, etc.) that bind to neuronal receptor and contribute to synaptogenesis and regulation of synaptic contacts. Astrocytic factors play a key role in the formation of neural networks undergoing short- and long-term synaptic morphological and functional rearrangements essential in the memory formation and behavior. The review summarizes the data on the molecular mechanisms mediating the involvement of astrocyte-secreted factors in synaptogenesis in the brain and provides up-to-date information on the role of astrocytes and astrocytic synaptogenic factors in the long-term plastic rearrangements of synaptic contacts.
星形胶质细胞在大脑中执行多种重要功能。作为突触的结构和功能成分，星形胶质细胞分泌各种因子（蛋白质、脂质、小分子等），与神经元受体结合，有助于突触发生和突触联系的调节。星形胶质细胞因子在神经网络的形成中起关键作用，这些神经网络经历短期和长期的突触形态和功能重排，对于记忆形成和行为至关重要。本文综述了星形胶质细胞分泌因子参与脑内突触发生的分子机制的相关数据，并提供了关于星形胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞突触发生因子在突触联系的长期可塑性重排中的作用的最新信息。
