Department of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Department of Agricultural Extension and Community Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture in Morogoro, Morogoro, Tanzania.
PLoS One. 2024 Jan 30;19(1):e0297665. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297665. eCollection 2024.
Overweight/obesity is increasing leading to high rates of non-communicable diseases. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, knowledge and practices on prevention and management of overweight/obesity among adults in Dodoma region.
A cross- sectional research was conducted among 313 randomly selected adults aged 25-65 years. Face to face interviews were conducted to obtain demographic information, knowledge on preventing and managing overweight/obesity using a pre-tested questionnaire. Weight and height were measured following standard procedures and nutrition status was categorized using WHO criteria. Dietary intake was assessed using qualitative 24 hours recall to obtain dietary diversity score. Data was analyzed using the SPSS™ Version 20 to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics.
About 62.6% (n = 196) of the participants were females. The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 59.7% (n = 186) of which 28% (n = 88) were overweight and 31.3% (n = 98) obese. Obesity was three times higher among females (41.8% vs 13.7%) than males. Overweight/obesity was positively associated with female sex (Adjusted OR 2.34; 95%CI: 1.235-4.68; p = 0.001), low knowledge (Adjusted OR 2.15; 95%CI: 1.22-3.81; p = 0.008) and negatively associated with dietary diversity score (Adjusted OR 0. 452; 95%CI: 0.199-1.87; p = 0.03). About 76% of respondents reported that overweight/obesity is a result of consuming high energy (38.8%; n = 92) and high fat foods (27%; n = 63). More than half of the respondents reported to be insensitive with kind of foods they consume and for those who were sensitive, 64% do so to avoid diseases. Furthermore, 60% control their weight by doing physical exercises while 18% by both physical exercises and diet management. However, about 43% did not know foods exposing individuals to health problems.
High prevalence of overweight/obesity was observed and significantly associated with female sex, low dietary diversity and knowledge on overweight/obesity prevention. This creates a need to improve knowledge on prevention of overweight/obesity.
超重/肥胖的发病率不断上升，导致非传染性疾病的发病率居高不下。本研究旨在评估达累斯萨拉姆地区成年人超重/肥胖的流行率、相关知识和预防/管理实践情况。
对 313 名年龄在 25-65 岁之间的成年人进行了横断面研究。采用面对面访谈的方式，利用预先测试的问卷，获取参与者的人口统计学信息、超重/肥胖预防知识。采用 WHO 标准对参与者的营养状况进行分类，按照标准程序测量体重和身高。采用定性 24 小时回顾法评估饮食摄入量，以获得饮食多样性评分。采用 SPSS™ 20 版软件进行数据分析，以获得描述性和推断性统计数据。
约 62.6%（n = 196）的参与者为女性。超重/肥胖的总体流行率为 59.7%（n = 186），其中 28%（n = 88）为超重，31.3%（n = 98）为肥胖。女性肥胖的发生率明显高于男性（41.8%比 13.7%）。超重/肥胖与女性性别呈正相关（调整后的 OR 2.34；95%CI：1.235-4.68；p = 0.001），与知识水平低呈负相关（调整后的 OR 2.15；95%CI：1.22-3.81；p = 0.008），与饮食多样性评分呈负相关（调整后的 OR 0.452；95%CI：0.199-1.87；p = 0.03）。约 76%的受访者表示，超重/肥胖是由于摄入高热量（38.8%；n = 92）和高脂肪食物（27%；n = 63）所致。超过一半的受访者表示对自己所吃的食物种类不敏感，而对于那些敏感的受访者，64%的人这样做是为了避免疾病。此外，60%的人通过体育锻炼来控制体重，18%的人通过体育锻炼和饮食管理来控制体重。然而，约 43%的人不知道哪些食物会导致健康问题。
超重/肥胖的流行率较高，且与女性性别、低饮食多样性和超重/肥胖预防知识显著相关。这表明需要提高人们对超重/肥胖预防的认识。
