Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pharmacognosy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland;
Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark;
Am J Clin Nutr. 2016 Jul;104(1):88-96. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.133496. Epub 2016 Jun 8.
Studies that use dietary biomarkers to investigate the association between whole-grain intake and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) are lacking.
We examined the association between plasma total alkylresorcinols and the alkylresorcinol C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, biomarkers of whole-grain wheat and rye intake and relative whole-grain rye over whole-grain wheat intake, respectively, and the risk of T2D among Scandinavian men and women.
A nested case-control study was established within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study and the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort. Alkylresorcinol concentrations and the ratios of C17:0 to C21:0 were determined in plasma samples from 931 case-control pairs. ORs for T2D were calculated for plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration or C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio in quartiles with the use of conditional logistic regression that was adjusted for potential confounders. Additional analyses with whole-grain wheat and rye intake estimated from food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) as exposures were also performed.
The plasma total alkylresorcinol concentration was not associated with T2D risk (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.88) for the highest compared with the lowest quartiles in multivariable adjusted models. However, the C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio was associated with a lower diabetes risk (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.78). Analyses with whole-grain intake estimated from FFQs yielded similar results.
Total whole-grain wheat and rye intake, reflected by alkylresorcinols in plasma, was not associated with a lower risk of T2D in a population with high whole-grain intake. In contrast, the proportion of whole-grain rye to whole-grain wheat intake, indicated by the plasma C17:0-to-C21:0 ratio, was inversely associated with T2D. This suggests that whole-grain intake dominated by rye may be favorable for T2D prevention.
目前缺乏使用饮食生物标志物来研究全谷物摄入量与 2 型糖尿病（T2D）发病风险之间关联的研究。
我们检验了血浆总烷基间苯二酚和烷基resorcinol C17：0 到 C21：0 的比值，分别作为全谷物小麦和黑麦摄入以及相对全黑麦与全谷物小麦摄入的生物标志物，与斯堪的纳维亚男性和女性 T2D 发病风险之间的关联。
嵌套病例对照研究建立在北瑞典健康与疾病研究和丹麦饮食、癌症与健康队列中。从 931 对病例对照中检测了血浆样本中的烷基间苯二酚浓度和 C17：0 到 C21：0 的比值。使用条件逻辑回归计算 T2D 的 OR，该回归模型调整了潜在的混杂因素。还进行了使用来自食物频率问卷（FFQ）的全谷物小麦和黑麦摄入量作为暴露因素的额外分析。
在多变量调整模型中，与最低四分位数相比，血浆总烷基间苯二酚浓度与 T2D 风险无关联（最高四分位数的 OR：1.34；95%CI：0.95，1.88）。然而，C17：0 到 C21：0 的比值与较低的糖尿病风险相关（OR：0.54；95%CI：0.37，0.78）。使用 FFQ 估计的全谷物摄入量进行的分析得出了类似的结果。
在全谷物摄入量较高的人群中，血浆烷基间苯二酚反映的全谷物小麦和黑麦总摄入量与 T2D 风险降低无关。相反，血浆 C17：0 到 C21：0 的比值表明全谷物黑麦与全谷物小麦的比例与 T2D 呈负相关。这表明以黑麦为主的全谷物摄入可能有利于预防 T2D。
