Hernández-Jiménez Miriam, Revilla Isabel, Vivar-Quintana Ana M, Grabska Justyna, Beć Krzysztof B, Huck Christian W
Food Technology Area, Universidad de Salamanca, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, Zamora, 49022, Spain.
Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
Curr Res Food Sci. 2024 Jan 6;8:100675. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100675. eCollection 2024.
Iberian ham is a highly appreciated product and according to Spanish legislation different labels identify different products depending on the genetic purity. Consequently, "100% Iberian" ham from purebred Iberian animals is more expensive than "Iberian" ham from Iberian x Duroc crosses. The hypothesis of this study was that to avoid labelling fraud it is possible to distinguish the breed (Iberian or Iberian x Duroc) of acorn-fed pigs of Iberian ham without any prior preparation of the sample by using spectroscopy that is a rapid and reliable technology. Moreover, portable devices which can be used could provide similar results to those of benchtop equipment. Therefore, the spectra of the 60 samples (24 samples of 100% Iberian ham and 36 samples of Iberian x Duroc crossbreed ham) were recorded only for the fat, only for the muscle, or for the whole slice with two benchtop near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers (Büchi NIRFlex N-500 and Foss NIRSystem 5000) and five portable spectrometers including four portable NIR devices (VIAVI MicroNIR 1700 ES, TellSpec Enterprise Sensor, Thermo Fischer Scientific microPHAZIR, and Consumer Physics SCiO Sensor), and one RAMAN device (BRAVO handheld). The results showed that, in general, the whole slice recording produced the best results for classification purposes. The SCiO device showed the highest percentages of correctly classified samples (97% in calibration and 92% in validation) followed by TellSpec (100% and 81%). The SCiO sensor also showed the highest percentages of success when the analyses were performed only on lean meat (97% in calibration and 83% in validation) followed by microPHAZIR (84% and 81%), while in the case of the fat tissue. Raman technology showed the best discrimination capacity (96% and 78%) followed by microPHAZIR (89% and 81%). Therefore, spectroscopy has proved to be a suitable technology for discriminating ham samples according to breed purity; portable devices have been shown to give even better results than benchtop spectrometers.
伊比利亚火腿是一种备受推崇的产品，根据西班牙法律，不同的标签根据遗传纯度来标识不同的产品。因此，来自纯种伊比利亚动物的“100%伊比利亚”火腿比伊比利亚猪与杜洛克猪杂交的“伊比利亚”火腿更昂贵。本研究的假设是，为避免标签欺诈，可以使用快速可靠的光谱技术，在不对样品进行任何预处理的情况下，区分伊比利亚火腿的橡果喂养猪的品种（伊比利亚或伊比利亚×杜洛克）。此外，可使用的便携式设备能够提供与台式设备相似的结果。因此，使用两台台式近红外（NIR）光谱仪（布奇NIRFlex N - 500和福斯NIRSystem 5000）以及五台便携式光谱仪，包括四台便携式NIR设备（维亚威MicroNIR 1700 ES、TellSpec企业传感器、赛默飞世尔科技microPHAZIR和消费物理SCiO传感器）和一台拉曼设备（BRAVO手持式），仅对脂肪、仅对肌肉或对整个切片记录了60个样品（24个100%伊比利亚火腿样品和36个伊比利亚×杜洛克杂交火腿样品）的光谱。结果表明，总体而言，就分类目的而言，对整个切片进行记录产生的结果最佳。SCiO设备显示正确分类样品的百分比最高（校准中为97%，验证中为92%），其次是TellSpec（100%和81%）。当仅对瘦肉进行分析时，SCiO传感器也显示出最高的成功率百分比（校准中为97%，验证中为83%），其次是microPHAZIR（84%和81%），而在脂肪组织的情况下，拉曼技术显示出最佳的辨别能力（96%和78%），其次是microPHAZIR（89%和81%）。因此，光谱技术已被证明是一种根据品种纯度区分火腿样品的合适技术；便携式设备已被证明能给出比台式光谱仪更好的结果。
