State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010000, China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2024 Mar 6;72(9):4726-4736. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07095. Epub 2024 Jan 31.
Milk-derived extracellular vesicles can improve intestinal health and have antiosteoporosis potential. In this paper, we explored the effects of bovine raw milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) on ovariectomized (OVX) osteoporotic mice from the perspective of the gut-bone axis. mEVs could inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve microarchitecture. The level of osteoporotic biomarkers in OVX mice was restored after the mEVs intervened. Compared with OVX mice, mEVs could enhance intestinal permeability, reduce endotoxin levels, and improve the expression of TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-10. 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that mEVs altered the composition of gut microbiota, specifically for associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In-depth analysis of SCFAs demonstrated that mEVs could restore acetic acid, propionic acid, valeric acid, and isovaleric acid levels in OVX mice. Correlation analysis revealed that changed gut microbiota and SCFAs were significantly associated with gut inflammation and osteoporotic biomarkers. This study demonstrated that mEVs could inhibit osteoclast differentiation and improve osteoporosis by reshaping the gut microbiota, increasing SCFAs, and decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclast differentiation-related factors in OVX mice. These findings provide evidence for the use of mEVs as a food supplement for osteoporosis.
牛奶衍生的细胞外囊泡可以改善肠道健康，具有抗骨质疏松的潜力。本文从肠骨轴的角度探讨了牛原奶衍生的细胞外囊泡（mEVs）对去卵巢骨质疏松症小鼠的影响。mEVs 可以抑制破骨细胞分化，改善微结构。mEVs 干预后，骨质疏松症生物标志物水平得到恢复。与去卵巢小鼠相比，mEVs 可以增强肠道通透性，降低内毒素水平，并改善 TNF-α、IL-17 和 IL-10 的表达。16S rDNA 测序表明，mEVs 改变了肠道微生物群的组成，特别是与短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）相关的组成。对 SCFAs 的深入分析表明，mEVs 可以恢复去卵巢小鼠中乙酸、丙酸、戊酸和异戊酸的水平。相关性分析表明，改变的肠道微生物群和 SCFAs 与肠道炎症和骨质疏松症生物标志物显著相关。本研究表明，mEVs 通过重塑肠道微生物群、增加 SCFAs、降低促炎细胞因子和破骨细胞分化相关因子的水平，抑制破骨细胞分化，改善骨质疏松症。这些发现为将 mEVs 用作骨质疏松症的膳食补充剂提供了证据。
