Jabłońska Monika, Sawicki Tomasz, Żulewska Justyna, Staniewska Katarzyna, Łobacz Adriana, Przybyłowicz Katarzyna E
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 45f Sloneczna, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 7, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
Molecules. 2024 Dec 11;29(24):5835. doi: 10.3390/molecules29245835.
Bovine milk is widely recognized as one of the most valuable sources of nutrients such as proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals that support the development and health of the body. In recent years, there has been increasing scientific interest in exosomes, the small membrane-bound vesicles found in milk. Through their content (e.g., microRNA), exosomes can influence gene expression and modulate key signaling pathways within target cells. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that bovine milk-derived exosomes can alleviate intestinal inflammation by regulating signaling pathways and positively influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. They also improve cognitive function and support nervous system regeneration. In addition, exosomes promote bone health by stimulating osteoblast formation and inhibiting bone resorption, helping to prevent osteoporosis. Studies have shown that exosomes have beneficial effects on skin health by promoting collagen production, protecting cells from oxidative stress, and delaying the ageing process. Bovine milk-derived exosomes are a promising tool for the treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases, particularly those related to inflammation and tissue regeneration. Although these results are promising, further studies are needed to fully understand the mechanisms of action and the potential clinical application of milk exosomes in the prevention and treatment of different diseases.
牛乳被广泛认为是支持身体发育和健康的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质等最有价值的营养来源之一。近年来，科学界对牛奶中发现的小膜结合囊泡——外泌体越来越感兴趣。通过其所含物质（如微小RNA），外泌体可以影响基因表达并调节靶细胞内的关键信号通路。体外和体内研究结果表明，牛乳来源的外泌体可以通过调节信号通路和积极影响肠道微生物群的组成来减轻肠道炎症。它们还能改善认知功能并支持神经系统再生。此外，外泌体通过刺激成骨细胞形成和抑制骨吸收来促进骨骼健康，有助于预防骨质疏松症。研究表明，外泌体通过促进胶原蛋白生成、保护细胞免受氧化应激以及延缓衰老过程，对皮肤健康具有有益作用。牛乳来源的外泌体是治疗和预防多种疾病，特别是与炎症和组织再生相关疾病的有前途的工具。尽管这些结果很有前景，但仍需要进一步研究以充分了解牛奶外泌体在预防和治疗不同疾病中的作用机制和潜在临床应用。
