In situ monitoring of cytoplasmic dopamine levels by noble metals decorated carbon fiber tips.

Dopamine (DA), a catecholamine neurotransmitter, is crucial in brain signal transmission. Monitoring cytoplasmic DA levels can reflect changes in metabolic factors and provide valuable information for researching the mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases. However, the in-situ detection of intracellular DA is constrained by its low contents in small-sized single cells. In this work, we report that noble metal (Au, Pt)-modified carbon fiber micro-nanoelectrodes are capable of real-time detection of DA in single cells with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and anti-contamination capabilities. Notably, noble metals can be modified on the electrode surface through electrochemical deposition to enhance the conductivity of the electrode and the oxidation current of DA by 50 %. The nanosensors can work stably and continuously in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) to monitor changes in DA levels upon K stimulation. The functionalized carbon fibers based nanosensors will provide excellent prospects for DA analysis in the brains of living animals.