Sports Traumatology Center, Discipline of Sports Medicine and Physical Activity, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Estado de Israel, 713 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04022-002, Brazil.
Sports Traumatology Center, Discipline of Sports Medicine and Physical Activity, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Federal University of São Paulo, R. Estado de Israel, 713 - Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04022-002, Brazil.
J ISAKOS. 2024 Jun;9(3):290-295. doi: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.01.012. Epub 2024 Jan 29.
Football is a globally played sport that poses potential risks for musculoskeletal injuries. Upper-limb injuries have a lower incidence rate than lower-limb injuries but can still cause absenteeism and performance impairment in football players. This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to evaluate and compare the epidemiological data on shoulder injuries among professional football players in two major Brazilian football championships.
Data were collected throughout the championships, and club physicians medically evaluated each player during official games using two online forms. The collected information included the player's age and position, injury diagnosis, laterality, location on the field where the injury occurred, playing time, imaging examinations performed, need for surgical treatment, time to return to play (TRP), and recurrence of the injury. The incidence of injuries was evaluated using the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) incidence formula.
A total of 107 shoulder injuries were recorded (4.3% of all injuries), with a FIFA incidence of 0.847. Glenohumeral dislocations (GHDs) and acromioclavicular dislocations (ACDs) accounted for 37.38% and 35.51% of all shoulder injuries, respectively. Goalkeepers and defenders presented, respectively, a 2.15 and 1.57 times increased risk of suffering shoulder injuries, while attackers presented a 0.63 times decreased risk. Injury recurrence was observed in 14.95% of cases, with GHDs and ACDs showing recurrence rates of 35.00% and 5.26%, respectively. Surgery was performed in 9.35% of cases, with GHDs representing 50% of all surgeries. The average TRP was 22.37 days, with severe and major injuries accounting for 11.21% and 10.28% of all injuries, respectively. Goalkeepers had the highest average TRP of 36.15 days. Recurring injuries had a higher average TRP of 33.44 days compared to nonrecurring injuries, which had an average TRP of 20.43 days. Surgically treated injuries had the highest average TRP of 112.5 days.
Shoulder injuries in the professional football scenario are of great concern due to the high recurrence rate and need for surgical treatment, which will lead to a long TRP. These findings emphasize the need to implement prevention protocols and effective treatments to reduce the consequences of such injuries, which are usually underestimated in this sport.
III.
足球是一项在全球范围内开展的运动，可能会导致肌肉骨骼损伤。与下肢损伤相比，上肢损伤的发生率较低，但仍会导致足球运动员缺勤和表现受损。本描述性流行病学研究旨在评估和比较两个主要巴西足球锦标赛中职业足球运动员肩部损伤的流行病学数据。
在整个锦标赛期间收集数据，俱乐部医生在正式比赛中使用两个在线表格对每位球员进行医学评估。收集的信息包括球员的年龄和位置、损伤诊断、侧别、受伤发生地的场上位置、上场时间、进行的影像学检查、是否需要手术治疗、重返赛场时间（TRP）和损伤复发情况。使用国际足球联合会（FIFA）发病率公式评估损伤发生率。
共记录了 107 例肩部损伤（占所有损伤的 4.3%），FIFA 发病率为 0.847。盂肱关节脱位（GHD）和肩锁关节脱位（ACD）分别占所有肩部损伤的 37.38%和 35.51%。守门员和后卫受伤的风险分别增加了 2.15 倍和 1.57 倍，而前锋受伤的风险则降低了 0.63 倍。14.95%的病例出现了复发，其中 GHD 和 ACD 的复发率分别为 35.00%和 5.26%。9.35%的病例进行了手术，其中 GHD 占所有手术的 50%。平均 TRP 为 22.37 天，严重和重大损伤分别占所有损伤的 11.21%和 10.28%。守门员的平均 TRP 最高，为 36.15 天。复发损伤的平均 TRP 为 33.44 天，高于非复发损伤的 20.43 天。接受手术治疗的损伤平均 TRP 最高，为 112.5 天。
由于高复发率和手术治疗的需要，导致较长的 TRP，职业足球场景中的肩部损伤引起了极大关注。这些发现强调需要实施预防方案和有效的治疗方法，以减少此类损伤的后果，而这些后果在这项运动中通常被低估。
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