Schneider Kristian Nikolaus, Schachtrup Tim, Gosheger Georg, Hiort Mirkka Lynn, Degener Blanca Julie, Zafeiris Theodoros, Theil Christoph
Department of Orthopaedics and Tumor Orthopaedics University Hospital of Münster Münster Germany.
J Exp Orthop. 2024 Dec 19;11(4):e70121. doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70121. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Shoulder dislocations in professional football are severe injuries with an increasing incidence and considerable layoff times. Unlike other football injuries, the mechanisms leading to shoulder dislocations are not well understood, which limits the development of targeted preventive measures. Thus, the aims of this study were: (1) to analyse injury mechanisms of shoulder dislocations in professional football, (2) to evaluate situational and (3) to assess kinematic patterns by performing a systematic video analysis.
The study included all shoulder dislocations occurring in official matches within Germany's top two professional male football (soccer) leagues (1. and 2. Bundesliga) from the 2012/2013 to the 2022/2023 seasons. A systematic video analysis was performed using the official Bundesliga video database. Two independent reviewers assessed injury-related, situational and kinematic parameters.
A total of 37 shoulder dislocations in 36 players (mean age 25 years) were analysed. Two primary injury mechanisms were identified: Type 1 mechanisms, caused by direct contact to the upper extremity ( = 14), and Type 2 mechanisms, caused by catching a fall ( = 22). Only one case did not fit these categories. Median layoff times were 94 days for Type 1 and 56 days for Type 2, but this difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significant differences between the two types were found in player action ( < 0.001) and type of contact ( = 0.005), while factors like player's speed, movement direction, football-specific actions, ball possession and pitch location showed no statistically significant differences. On-field treatment methods varied, but there were no statistically significant differences in repositioning attempts or reduction techniques (n.s.). Trunk position, shoulder joint version, shoulder elevation, and rotation, as well as elbow and wrist joint positions at the moment of dislocation, were similar between the two types (n.s.).
Shoulder dislocations in professional football typically occur through direct contact or catching a fall, indicating a potential role for specific preventive measures.
Level III.
职业足球中的肩关节脱位是严重损伤，其发生率不断上升，停赛时间较长。与其他足球损伤不同，导致肩关节脱位的机制尚未完全明确，这限制了针对性预防措施的制定。因此，本研究的目的是：（1）分析职业足球中肩关节脱位的损伤机制；（2）评估相关情境；（3）通过系统的视频分析评估运动模式。
本研究纳入了2012/2013赛季至2022/2023赛季德国顶级两个职业男子足球（英式足球）联赛（德甲1级和2级）官方比赛中发生的所有肩关节脱位病例。使用德甲官方视频数据库进行系统的视频分析。两名独立的评估人员对损伤相关、情境和运动学参数进行评估。
共分析了36名球员（平均年龄25岁）的37例肩关节脱位。确定了两种主要损伤机制：1型机制，由上肢直接接触引起（n = 14）；2型机制，由接住摔倒引起（n = 22）。只有1例不符合这些类别。1型脱位的中位停赛时间为94天，2型为56天，但这种差异无统计学意义。两种类型在球员动作（p < 0.001）和接触类型（p = 0.005）上存在统计学显著差异，而球员速度、运动方向、足球特定动作、控球情况和场地位置等因素无统计学显著差异。场上治疗方法各不相同，但复位尝试或复位技术无统计学显著差异（无显著性差异）。两种类型在脱位时的躯干位置、肩关节形态、肩关节抬高和旋转以及肘关节和腕关节位置相似（无显著性差异）。
职业足球中的肩关节脱位通常通过直接接触或接住摔倒发生，提示特定预防措施可能具有潜在作用。
三级。
