Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva ulica 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
J Wildl Dis. 2024 Apr 1;60(2):537-541. doi: 10.7589/JWD-D-23-00123.
Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) are capable of infecting a wide variety of animals. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) has been recognized as an important wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis. We screened wild boar in Slovenia for the presence of (1) Mycobacterium bovis in tissues and (2) antibodies to M. bovis in blood samples. In 2016 and 2017, 1284 tissue samples from 676 wild boar were subjected to cultivation. In 2018 and 2019, blood samples from 132 wild boar were examined using an ELISA kit. None of the MTC species were isolated from the tissue samples, and no antibodies to M. bovis were detected in the blood samples. Several nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and/or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, were found in the tissues of 9.8% of the wild boar: Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, Mycobacterium peregrinum/Mycobacterium septicum, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium engbaekii, Mycobacterium arupense, Mycobacterium algericum, Mycobacterium bohemicum, Mycobacterium confluentis, Mycobacterium flavescens, Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium thermoresistibile, and Mycobacterium vaccae. Species-level identification was not possible for 21.2% of the isolates. At the time of the study, wild boar in Slovenia were not at risk from bTB; the significance of the presence of NTM in wild boar remains to be clarified and evaluated from a One Health perspective.
结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTC）中的分枝杆菌能够感染多种动物。野猪（Sus scrofa）已被认为是牛型结核分枝杆菌的重要野生动物宿主。我们在斯洛文尼亚筛选野猪，以确定其组织中是否存在（1）牛分枝杆菌，以及（2）血液样本中针对牛分枝杆菌的抗体。2016 年和 2017 年，对 676 头野猪的 1284 个组织样本进行了培养。2018 年和 2019 年，使用 ELISA 试剂盒检查了 132 头野猪的血液样本。从组织样本中未分离出 MTC 种，血液样本中也未检测到针对牛分枝杆菌的抗体。在 9.8%的野猪组织中发现了几种非结核分枝杆菌（NTM），通过 16S rRNA 测序和/或基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱鉴定为：无色分枝杆菌、堪萨斯分枝杆菌/脓肿分枝杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌、胞内分枝杆菌、亚洲分枝杆菌、阿尔及利亚分枝杆菌、波氏分枝杆菌、偶发分枝杆菌、黄分枝杆菌、脓肿分枝杆菌、火分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌。21.2%的分离株无法进行种水平鉴定。在研究时，斯洛文尼亚的野猪没有感染 bTB 的风险；从“同一健康”的角度来看，仍需要阐明和评估 NTM 在野猪中的存在意义。
