Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain.
Ecohealth. 2011 Dec;8(4):478-84. doi: 10.1007/s10393-011-0713-y. Epub 2011 Nov 8.
The continuing expansion of Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations raises concerns regarding disease transmission. In south-central Spain, overabundant wild boar are reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis, and related members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB). An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using bovine-purified protein derivative was applied to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of wild boar contact with MTBC in the Iberian Peninsula and to model and identify the associated risk factors. Wild boar apparent seroprevalence was 22%. Seropositives were detected in 71% of 81 sites, including 23 sites where wildlife was thought to be bTB free. The results described a new geographic range of wild boar contact with MTBC and a stable prevalence in this wildlife reservoir that contrasts with the success of bTB control in cattle. Inference of which host (wild boar or cattle) is driving bTB maintenance was not possible with our correlational results. The possibility of a wild boar bTB emergence in non-endemic regions should urgently be taken into account to avoid a future scenario resembling the current situation in south-central Spain.
欧亚野猪（Sus scrofa）种群的持续扩张引发了疾病传播的担忧。在西班牙中南部，过度繁殖的野猪是牛分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium bovis）和与其相关的结核分枝杆菌复合群（Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex，MTBC）的宿主，这些细菌是牛结核病（bovine tuberculosis，bTB）的病原体。本研究采用牛提纯蛋白衍生物间接酶联免疫吸附试验，以确定伊比利亚半岛野猪与 MTBC 接触的时空分布，并对相关风险因素进行建模和识别。野猪的血清阳性率为 22%。在 81 个检测点中的 71%（包括 23 个被认为无野生动物结核病的地点）检测到了血清阳性。结果描述了野猪与 MTBC 接触的新地理范围和这种野生动物宿主中稳定的流行率，这与牛结核病在牛群中的控制成功形成了对比。根据我们的相关性结果，无法推断是野猪还是牛在驱动 bTB 的维持。在非流行地区，野猪 bTB 出现的可能性应引起紧急关注，以避免未来出现类似于西班牙中南部当前的情况。
