Scott D A, Scher R K
Dermatol Clin. 1985 Jul;3(3):409-13.
The external factors associated with nail disorders are multiple. Although not totally inclusive, this discussion has presented the more common cosmetic, traumatic, and industrial causes of nail disorders. Several common entities, such as the brown staining of fingernails in heavy tobacco smokers, have been omitted intentionally because little difficulty is encountered in determining their cause. Therefore, in evaluating a patient with abnormal nails, one should consider various external factors in addition to primary disease processes. Patch testing to determine if contact sensitivity is involved, in addition to a careful investigation of habits, employment, and exposures is mandatory.
与指甲疾病相关的外部因素多种多样。尽管并不全面，但本次讨论介绍了指甲疾病更常见的美容、创伤和工业方面的病因。一些常见情况，如重度吸烟者指甲的褐色染色，已被有意省略，因为确定其病因并无太大困难。因此，在评估指甲异常的患者时，除了主要疾病过程外，还应考虑各种外部因素。除了仔细调查患者的习惯、职业和接触情况外，进行斑贴试验以确定是否存在接触性敏感是必不可少的。
