Bardhi Olgert, Dubey Pallavi, Palmer Biff Franklin, Clegg Deborah J
Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, TX, USA.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2024 Dec;83(4):263-270. doi: 10.1017/S0029665124000119. Epub 2024 Feb 2.
Endogenous oestrogens regulate essential functions to include menstrual cycles, energy balance, adipose tissue distribution, pancreatic -cell function, insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis. Oestrogens are a family of hormones which include oestradiol (E2), oestrone (E1) and oestriol (E3). Oestrogens function by binding and activating oestrogen receptors (ERs). Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds which exhibit oestrogenic-like activity and can bind to ERs. Phytoestrogens exert potential oestrogenic-like benefits; however, their effects are context-dependent and require cautious consideration regarding generalised health benefits. Xenoestrogens are synthetic compounds which have been determined to disrupt endocrine function through binding to ERs. Xenoestrogens enter the body through various routes and given their chemical structure they can accumulate, posing long-term health risks. Xenoestrogens interfere with endogenous oestrogens and their functions contributing to conditions like cancer, infertility, and metabolic disorders. Understanding the interplay between endogenous and exogenous oestrogens is critical in order to determine their potential health consequences and requires further investigation. This manuscript provides a summary of the role endogenous oestrogens have in regulating metabolic functions. Additionally, we discuss the impact phytoestrogens and synthetic xenoestrogens have on biological systems across various life stages. We highlight their mechanisms of action, potential benefits, risks and discuss the need for further research to bridge gaps in understanding and mitigate exposure-related health risks.
内源性雌激素调节多种重要功能，包括月经周期、能量平衡、脂肪组织分布、胰腺β细胞功能、胰岛素敏感性和脂质稳态。雌激素是一类激素，包括雌二醇（E2）、雌酮（E1）和雌三醇（E3）。雌激素通过与雌激素受体（ERs）结合并激活发挥作用。植物雌激素是源自植物的化合物，具有类似雌激素的活性，能够与雌激素受体结合。植物雌激素具有潜在的类似雌激素的益处；然而，它们的作用取决于具体情况，在考虑其对整体健康的益处时需要谨慎权衡。外源性雌激素是已被确定通过与雌激素受体结合来干扰内分泌功能的合成化合物。外源性雌激素通过各种途径进入人体，鉴于其化学结构，它们会在体内蓄积，带来长期健康风险。外源性雌激素干扰内源性雌激素及其功能，导致癌症、不孕和代谢紊乱等病症。了解内源性和外源性雌激素之间的相互作用对于确定其潜在的健康后果至关重要，这需要进一步研究。本手稿总结了内源性雌激素在调节代谢功能方面的作用。此外，我们讨论了植物雌激素和合成外源性雌激素在不同生命阶段对生物系统的影响。我们强调了它们的作用机制、潜在益处、风险，并讨论了进一步研究的必要性，以填补认知空白并减轻与接触相关的健康风险。
