Smith T W, Frohm K D
Health Psychol. 1985;4(6):503-20. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.4.6.503.
The Cook and Medley (1954) Hostility (Ho) scale, a measure of hostility derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), was recently found in one cross-sectional study to be related to the severity of coronary artery disease and in two prospective studies to predict the development of coronary heart disease. Unfortunately, little information is available to clarify the meaning of the scale, and little is known about the psychosocial characteristics of individuals with high Ho scores. As a result, interpretation of the previous studies is difficult. Our two studies attempted to address these concerns. In Study 1, the Ho scale demonstrated convergent and discriminant validity. Data indicated that the scale primarily assesses suspiciousness, resentment, frequent anger, and cynical distrust of others rather than overtly aggressive behavior or general emotional distress. In Study 2, individuals with high scores displayed comparatively more anger, less hardiness, more frequent and severe hassles, and fewer and less satisfactory social supports. Thus, we propose that the Ho scale assesses cynical hostility and conclude that high scores are associated with a particularly unhealthy psychosocial risk profile. These findings refine our understanding of the Ho scale and assist in the interpretation of previous studies using this measure.
库克与梅德利（1954年）编制的敌意（Ho）量表是一种从明尼苏达多相人格调查表（MMPI）衍生而来的敌意测量工具，最近在一项横断面研究中发现它与冠状动脉疾病的严重程度有关，并且在两项前瞻性研究中发现它能够预测冠心病的发展。遗憾的是，几乎没有信息可用于阐明该量表的含义，对于Ho得分高的个体的心理社会特征也知之甚少。因此，对先前研究的解读存在困难。我们的两项研究试图解决这些问题。在研究1中，Ho量表显示出收敛效度和区分效度。数据表明，该量表主要评估猜疑、怨恨、频繁发怒以及对他人的愤世嫉俗的不信任，而非公然的攻击行为或一般情绪困扰。在研究2中，得分高的个体表现出相对更多的愤怒、更低的心理韧性、更频繁且严重的困扰以及更少且更不理想的社会支持。因此，我们认为Ho量表评估的是愤世嫉俗的敌意，并得出结论：高分与特别不健康的心理社会风险状况相关。这些发现完善了我们对Ho量表的理解，并有助于解读先前使用该测量工具的研究。
