Department of Pediatrics (Neurology), Stollery Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, ZURZACH Care, Bad Zurzach, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2024;199:125-144. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-823357-3.00001-X.
Nutraceuticals represent substances derived from food or plants that provide medical or health benefits, and are increasingly sought by patients as a means of treating migraine in a natural, effective, and safe manner as conventional therapies often fail, are expensive, and laden with side effects. This chapter reviews various nutraceutical therapies for migraine including phytomedicines (plant-based therapies), diets for migraine management and vitamin, mineral, and supplement-based treatments for migraine with respect to preclinical and clinical evidence. Reviewed herein are a multitude of nutraceutical options for the treatment of migraine including vitamins (e.g., riboflavin), antioxidants, and plants/phytomedicines: feverfew, butterbur, cannabis, St. John's Wort, Rosa x damascena, and Gingko biloba. Dietary interventions for migraine include low lipid, vegan, ketogenic, and DASH (dietary approaches to stop hypertension). Supplements such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as l-carnitine, pre/probiotics, and melatonin are also discussed. Migraine patients and their caregivers have an armamentarium of nutraceutical options to treat headache. While some therapies such as vitamins harbor stronger evidence with more rigorous studies, patients may also choose dietary therapies that may offer more systemic health benefits while also improving migraine. As cannabis legalization spreads worldwide, care providers must be aware of the limited evidence in migraine. Future studies may explore traditional ancient medicines for migraine at basic science and clinical level, while currently adopted and new nutraceutical treatments may benefit from partnership with industry to engage in larger trials in humans.
营养保健品是指从食物或植物中提取的物质，具有医疗或保健功效，越来越受到患者的青睐，他们希望以自然、有效和安全的方式治疗偏头痛，因为传统疗法往往无效、昂贵且副作用大。本章综述了各种营养保健品治疗偏头痛的方法，包括植物药（植物疗法）、偏头痛管理饮食以及维生素、矿物质和补充剂治疗偏头痛，涉及临床前和临床证据。本文综述了多种营养保健品治疗偏头痛的选择，包括维生素（如核黄素）、抗氧化剂和植物/植物药：小白菊、缬草、大麻、贯叶连翘、大马士革玫瑰和银杏叶。偏头痛的饮食干预包括低脂肪、纯素、生酮和 DASH（停止高血压的饮食方法）。还讨论了多不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA) 以及左旋肉碱、预/益生菌和褪黑素等补充剂。偏头痛患者及其护理人员有多种营养保健品可供选择来治疗头痛。虽然一些疗法，如维生素，具有更强的证据和更严格的研究，但患者也可能选择饮食疗法，这些疗法可能会带来更多的整体健康益处，同时也能改善偏头痛。随着大麻在全球范围内合法化，护理提供者必须了解偏头痛方面有限的证据。未来的研究可能会在基础科学和临床层面探索偏头痛的传统古代药物，而目前采用的和新的营养保健品治疗方法可能会受益于与行业合作，在人类中进行更大规模的试验。
