Tankrathok Anupong, Mahong Bancha, Roytrakul Sittiruk, Daduang Sakda, Temsiripong Yosapong, Klaynongsruang Sompong, Jangpromma Nisachon
Protein and Proteomics Research Center for Commercial and Industrial Purposes (ProCCI), Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin, 46000, Thailand.
Heliyon. 2024 Jan 17;10(2):e24583. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24583. eCollection 2024 Jan 30.
Crocodiles have a particularly powerful innate immune system because their blood contains high levels of antimicrobial peptides. They can survive injuries that would be fatal to other animals, and they are rarely afflicted with diseases. To better understand the crocodile's innate immune response, proteomic analysis was performed on the white blood cells (WBC) of an -infected crocodile. Levels of WBC and red blood cells (RBC) rapidly increased within 1 h. In WBC, there were 109 up-regulated differentially expressed proteins (DEP) that were up-regulated. Fifty-nine DEPs dramatically increased expression from 1 h after inoculation, whereas 50 up-regulated DEPs rose after 24 h. The most abundant DEPs mainly had two biological functions, 1) gene expression regulators, for example, zinc finger proteins and histone H1 family, and 2) cell mechanical forces such as actin cytoskeleton proteins and microtubule-binding proteins. This finding illustrates the characteristic effective innate immune response mechanism of crocodiles that might occur via boosted transcription machinery proteins to accelerate cytoskeletal protein production for induction of phagocytosis, along with the increment of trafficking proteins to transport essential molecules for combating pathogens. The findings of this study provide new insights into the mechanisms of the crocodile's innate immune system.
鳄鱼拥有特别强大的先天免疫系统，因为它们的血液中含有高水平的抗菌肽。它们能够在对其他动物致命的伤害中存活下来，并且很少患病。为了更好地理解鳄鱼的先天免疫反应，对一只受感染鳄鱼的白细胞（WBC）进行了蛋白质组分析。白细胞和红细胞（RBC）的水平在1小时内迅速升高。在白细胞中，有109种上调的差异表达蛋白（DEP）。59种DEP在接种后1小时表达显著增加，而50种上调的DEP在24小时后升高。最丰富的DEP主要有两种生物学功能，1）基因表达调节因子，例如锌指蛋白和组蛋白H1家族，以及2）细胞机械力，如肌动蛋白细胞骨架蛋白和微管结合蛋白。这一发现说明了鳄鱼特有的有效的先天免疫反应机制，可能是通过增强转录机制蛋白来加速细胞骨架蛋白的产生以诱导吞噬作用，同时增加运输蛋白来运输对抗病原体的必需分子。这项研究的结果为鳄鱼先天免疫系统的机制提供了新的见解。
