Matherly T A
J Psychol. 1985 Jul;119(4):297-301. doi: 10.1080/00223980.1985.9915449.
This study examined the impact of learned helplessness on self-perception of competence. The participants were 180 undergraduates who were placed in control, failure, or success groups where they were given a list of traits on which to evaluate themselves, followed by an anagram-solution test. Significant performance effects were observed on the test; self-assessment was more representative of actual ability, however, than of the treatment situation. The results suggest that although experiencing uncontrollable failure may result in performance deficits, perception of ability may not be distorted.
本研究考察了习得性无助对能力自我认知的影响。参与者为180名本科生，他们被分为对照组、失败组或成功组，在这些组中，他们会得到一份用以评估自己的特质列表，随后进行一个拼字游戏测试。在测试中观察到了显著的表现效应；然而，自我评估更能代表实际能力，而非所处的实验处理情境。结果表明，虽然经历不可控的失败可能会导致表现缺陷，但能力认知可能不会被扭曲。
