Alloy L B, Peterson C, Abramson L Y, Seligman M E
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1984 Mar;46(3):681-7. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.46.3.681.
According to the logic of the attribution reformulation of learned helplessness, the interaction of two factors influences whether helplessness experienced in one situation will transfer to a new situation. The model predicts that people who exhibit a style of attributing negative outcomes to global factors will show helplessness deficits in new situations that are either similar or dissimilar to the original situation in which they were helpless. In contrast, people who exhibit a style of attributing negative outcomes to only specific factors will show helplessness deficits in situations that are similar, but not dissimilar, to the original situation in which they were helpless. To test these predictions, we conducted two studies in which undergraduates with either a global or specific attributional style for negative outcomes were given one of three pretreatments in the typical helplessness triadic design: controllable bursts of noise, uncontrollable bursts of noise, or no noise. In Experiment 1, students were tested for helplessness deficits in a test situation similar to the pretreatment setting, whereas in Experiment 2, they were tested in a test situation dissimilar to the pretreatment setting. The findings were consistent with predictions of the reformulated helplessness theory.
根据习得性无助归因重构的逻辑，两个因素的相互作用会影响在一种情境中体验到的无助感是否会转移到新的情境中。该模型预测，将负面结果归因于全局因素的人，在与他们曾经历无助的原始情境相似或不同的新情境中，会表现出无助感缺失。相比之下，将负面结果仅归因于特定因素的人，在与他们曾经历无助的原始情境相似但并非不同的情境中，会表现出无助感缺失。为了检验这些预测，我们进行了两项研究，在典型的无助三元组设计中，对具有负面结果全局或特定归因风格的本科生进行了三种预处理之一：可控的噪声爆发、不可控的噪声爆发或无噪声。在实验1中，学生们在与预处理环境相似的测试情境中接受无助感缺失测试，而在实验2中，他们在与预处理环境不同的测试情境中接受测试。研究结果与重构后的无助理论的预测一致。
