Ryu Victor, Chuesiang Piyanan, Uknalis Joseph, Ngo Helen, Jin Tony, Fan Xuetong
USDA, ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA.
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Heliyon. 2024 Jan 17;10(3):e24901. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24901. eCollection 2024 Feb 15.
Phenolic branched-chain fatty acid (PBC-FA) emulsion was produced by dissolving it in ethanol and mixing with water (pH 7). The resulting monodispersed emulsion droplets were approximately 200 nm in diameter. The stability of the emulsion was evaluated by storing it at 4 and 20 °C for 30 days. The antimicrobial activity of the PBC-FA emulsion was tested against and (8 log CFU/mL) by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using a microdilution method. The PBC-FA was effective against with MIC and MBC of 14.1 μg/mL and caused membrane permeation as determined with SEM and Live/Dead cell assay, but was not effective against O157:H7 at the tested concentrations (5-250 μg/mL). We also evaluated PBC-FA emulsion's potential to be used as a wash against inoculated on apples. The results showed that the 500 μg/mL PBC-FA emulsion with 5 % ethanol had equivalent antimicrobial activity (2-3 logs reductions) against as the 20 μg/mL chlorine solution, a commonly used sanitizer. 500 μg/mL PBC-FA emulsion had better antimicrobial efficacy when organic matter (chemical oxygen demand: 9.0 g/L) was present compared to 20 μg/mL of chlorine. The effect of PBC-FA on the quality of the apples, was determined by measuring changes in color, firmness, and soluble solids content over a 14-day storage period at 20 °C. The quality of the apples was not affected by PBC-FA over the 14-day storage period, suggesting that PBC-FA emulsion can be used as a wash for apples without affecting their quality.
酚类支链脂肪酸（PBC - FA）乳液是通过将其溶解在乙醇中并与水（pH 7）混合制成的。所得的单分散乳液滴直径约为200纳米。通过在4和20°C下储存30天来评估乳液的稳定性。使用微量稀释法通过测定最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）来测试PBC - FA乳液对[具体菌种1]和[具体菌种2]（8 log CFU/mL）的抗菌活性。PBC - FA对[具体菌种1]有效，MIC和MBC分别为14.1μg/mL，并且通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和活/死细胞测定法确定其会导致细胞膜渗透，但在所测试的浓度（5 - 250μg/mL）下对O157:H7无效。我们还评估了PBC - FA乳液作为清洗液用于处理接种在苹果上的[具体菌种]的潜力。结果表明，含5%乙醇的500μg/mL PBC - FA乳液对[具体菌种]的抗菌活性（降低2 - 3个对数）与常用消毒剂20μg/mL氯溶液相当。与20μg/mL氯相比，当存在有机物（化学需氧量：9.0 g/L）时，500μg/mL PBC - FA乳液具有更好的抗菌效果。通过在20°C下储存14天期间测量苹果的颜色、硬度和可溶性固形物含量的变化，来确定PBC - FA对苹果品质的影响。在14天的储存期内，PBC - FA对苹果品质没有影响，这表明PBC - FA乳液可用于清洗苹果而不影响其品质。
