State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China.
School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2024 Jun;36(24):e2312124. doi: 10.1002/adma.202312124. Epub 2024 Mar 14.
Increasing cellular immunogenicity and reshaping the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) are crucial for antitumor immunotherapy. Herein, this work develops a novel single-atom nanozyme pyroptosis initiator: UK5099 and pyruvate oxidase (POx)-co-loaded Cu-NS single-atom nanozyme (Cu-NS@UK@POx), that not only trigger pyroptosis through cascade biocatalysis to boost the immunogenicity of tumor cells, but also remodel the immunosuppressive TME by targeting pyruvate metabolism. By replacing N with weakly electronegative S, the original spatial symmetry of the Cu-N electron distribution is changed and the enzyme-catalyzed process is effectively regulated. Compared to spatially symmetric Cu-N single-atom nanozymes (Cu-N SA), the S-doped spatially asymmetric single-atom nanozymes (Cu-NS SA) exhibit stronger oxidase activities, including peroxidase (POD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase (NOx), L-cysteine oxidase (LCO), and glutathione oxidase (GSHOx), which can cause enough reactive oxygen species (ROS) storms to trigger pyroptosis. Moreover, the synergistic effect of Cu-NS SA, UK5099, and POx can target pyruvate metabolism, which not only improves the immune TME but also increases the degree of pyroptosis. This study provides a two-pronged treatment strategy that can significantly activate antitumor immunotherapy effects via ROS storms, NADH/glutathione/L-cysteine consumption, pyruvate oxidation, and lactic acid (LA)/ATP depletion, triggering pyroptosis and regulating metabolism. This work provides a broad vision for expanding antitumor immunotherapy.
提高细胞免疫原性和重塑免疫肿瘤微环境(TME)对于抗肿瘤免疫治疗至关重要。在此,本工作开发了一种新型的单原子纳米酶细胞焦亡诱导剂:UK5099 和丙酮酸氧化酶(POx)共载 Cu-NS 单原子纳米酶(Cu-NS@UK@POx),它不仅通过级联生物催化触发细胞焦亡来增强肿瘤细胞的免疫原性,而且通过靶向丙酮酸代谢重塑免疫抑制性 TME。通过用电负性较弱的 S 取代 N,改变了 Cu-N 电子分布的原始空间对称性,并有效地调节了酶催化过程。与空间对称的 Cu-N 单原子纳米酶(Cu-N SA)相比,掺杂 S 的空间不对称单原子纳米酶(Cu-NS SA)表现出更强的氧化酶活性,包括过氧化物酶(POD)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)氧化酶(NOx)、L-半胱氨酸氧化酶(LCO)和谷胱甘肽氧化酶(GSHOx),它们可以引发足够的活性氧(ROS)风暴来触发细胞焦亡。此外,Cu-NS SA、UK5099 和 POx 的协同作用可以靶向丙酮酸代谢,不仅改善免疫 TME,还增加细胞焦亡的程度。本研究提供了一种双重治疗策略,通过 ROS 风暴、NADH/谷胱甘肽/L-半胱氨酸消耗、丙酮酸氧化和乳酸(LA)/ATP 耗竭,显著激活抗肿瘤免疫治疗效果,从而触发细胞焦亡并调节代谢。这项工作为拓展抗肿瘤免疫治疗提供了广阔的视野。
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