Asghar Muhammad S, Denic Aleksandar, Rule Andrew D
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Clin Kidney J. 2024 Feb 5;17(2):sfad226. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfad226. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Chronic changes on kidney biopsy specimens include increasing amounts of arteriosclerosis, glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, enlarged nephron size, and reduced nephron number. These chronic changes are difficult to accurately assess by visual inspection but are reasonably quantified using morphometry. This review describes the various patient populations that have undergone morphometric analysis of kidney biopsies. The common approaches to morphometric analysis are described. The chronic kidney disease outcomes associated with various chronic changes by morphometry are also summarized. Morphometry enriches the characterization of chronicity on a kidney biopsy and this can supplement the pathologist's diagnosis. Artificial intelligence image processing tools are needed to automate the annotations needed for practical morphometric analysis of kidney biopsy specimens in routine clinical care.
肾活检标本的慢性改变包括动脉硬化、肾小球硬化、间质纤维化和肾小管萎缩的程度增加、肾单位大小增大以及肾单位数量减少。这些慢性改变通过肉眼检查难以准确评估，但使用形态计量学可进行合理量化。本综述描述了对肾活检进行形态计量分析的各类患者群体。介绍了形态计量分析的常用方法。还总结了通过形态计量学得出的与各种慢性改变相关的慢性肾脏病结局。形态计量学丰富了肾活检慢性病变的特征描述，可辅助病理学家进行诊断。在常规临床护理中，需要人工智能图像处理工具来自动完成肾活检标本实际形态计量分析所需的标注。
