Two strains (Sordariomycetes, Nectriaceae) with high nematicidal activity, isolated from the cysts of sp. (Heteroderidae) in China.

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are significant pests that result in considerable economic losses in global crop production. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, there is a need to develop new strategies for nematode control. In this context, nematophagous fungi may offer a viable option for biological control. Two fungal strains (GUCC2212 and GUCC2232) were isolated from cysts of sp., identified as . The fungal filtrates of the strains were evaluated for their nematicidal activity against three species of PPNs: , and . The fermentation filtrates of two strains exhibited substantial toxicity towards the evaluated nematodes, with mortality rates reaching up to 100% within 72 h. Concurrently, also demonstrated predatory and parasitic behavior. The eggs of sp. were parasitized by the two strains. represents a newly recorded species in China and a novel nematophagous species. In conclusion, the two strains of show promise as biocontrol agents for PPNs management.