Molecular Metabolism in Health and Disease, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Sport Science Research Institute, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, 28503, South Korea.
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 8;14(1):3282. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52852-4.
High-fat diet-induced obesity is a pandemic caused by an inactive lifestyle and increased consumption of Western diets and is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, exercise can positively influence gut microbial diversity and is linked to a decreased inflammatory state. To understand the gut microbial variations associated with exercise and high-fat diet over time, we conducted a longitudinal study to examine the effect of covariates on gut microbial diversity and composition. Young mice were divided into four groups: Chow-diet (CHD), high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat diet + exercise (HFX), and exercise only (EXE) and underwent experimental intervention for 12 weeks. Fecal samples at week 0 and 12 were collected for DNA extraction, followed by 16S library preparation and sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 2, R and MicrobiomeAnalyst. The Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes ratio decreased fivefold in the HFD and HFX groups compared to that in the CHD and EXE groups and increased in the EXE group over time. Alpha diversity was significantly increased in the EXE group longitudinally (p < 0.02), whereas diversity (Shannon, Faith's PD, and Fisher) and richness (ACE) was significantly reduced in the HFD (p < 0.005) and HFX (p < 0.03) groups over time. Beta diversity, based on the Jaccard, Bray-Curtis, and unweighted UniFrac distance metrics, was significant among the groups. Prevotella, Paraprevotella, Candidatus arthromitus, Lactobacillus salivarius, L. reuteri, Roseburia, Bacteroides uniformis, Sutterella, and Corynebacterium were differentially abundant in the chow-diet groups (CHD and EXE). Exercise significantly reduced the proportion of taxa characteristic of a high-fat diet, including Butyricimonas, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Mucispirillum schaedleri. Diet, age, and exercise significantly contributed to explaining the bacterial community structure and diversity in the gut microbiota. Modulating the gut microbiota and maintaining its stability can lead to targeted microbiome therapies to manage chronic and recurrent diseases and infections.
高脂肪饮食诱导的肥胖是一种由生活方式不活跃和增加西方饮食消费引起的大流行，是糖尿病和心血管疾病的主要危险因素。相比之下，运动可以积极影响肠道微生物多样性，并与炎症状态降低有关。为了了解随时间推移与运动和高脂肪饮食相关的肠道微生物变化，我们进行了一项纵向研究，以检查协变量对肠道微生物多样性和组成的影响。年轻小鼠被分为四组：标准饮食（CHD）、高脂肪饮食（HFD）、高脂肪饮食加运动（HFX）和仅运动（EXE），并接受了 12 周的实验干预。在第 0 周和第 12 周收集粪便样本进行 DNA 提取，然后进行 16S 文库制备和测序。使用 QIIME 2、R 和 MicrobiomeAnalyst 分析数据。与 CHD 和 EXE 组相比，HFD 和 HFX 组的拟杆菌门到厚壁菌门的比例下降了五倍，而 EXE 组的比例随时间增加。EXE 组的α多样性在纵向显著增加（p<0.02），而 HFD（p<0.005）和 HFX（p<0.03）组的多样性（香农、信仰 PD 和费舍尔）和丰富度（ACE）随时间显著降低。基于 Jaccard、Bray-Curtis 和非加权 UniFrac 距离度量的β多样性在组间具有统计学意义。普雷沃特氏菌属、副普雷沃特氏菌属、Candidatusarthromitus、唾液乳杆菌、罗伊氏乳杆菌、玫瑰红瘤胃菌、拟杆菌均匀菌、萨特氏菌和棒状杆菌在标准饮食组（CHD 和 EXE）中差异丰富。运动显著降低了高脂肪饮食特征性分类群的比例，包括丁酸单胞菌、瘤胃球菌 gnavus 和黏液螺旋菌 Mucispirillum schaedleri。饮食、年龄和运动显著有助于解释肠道微生物群中细菌群落结构和多样性。调节肠道微生物群并保持其稳定性可以导致靶向微生物组疗法来管理慢性和复发性疾病和感染。
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