Improved stability and efficiency of inverted triple-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells with CsI-modified NiOx hole transporting layer.

Addressing the critical challenge of mitigating defect generation and enhancing the extended durability of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs) requires effective passivation materials. In our study, we investigated the impact of varying concentrations of cesium iodide (CsI), an alkali halide, on the interface layer among the hole transporting layer (HTL) and the perovskite film in a triple-cation lead hybrid halide CsFAMAPb(IBr) perovskite layer. Our findings revealed that the introduction of CsI into the NiOx HTL led to improved crystallinity and a reduction in defects within the perovskite film. Consequently, the photovoltaic performance of the CsI-modified PeSC exhibited a notable enhancement. Specifically, the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) increased from 18.7 % in the original PeSC, which lacked CsI modification, to 20.5 %. Moreover, this improvement in PCE was accompanied by excellent stability, with the CsI-modified PeSC retaining 80 % of its opening PCE even afterward 144 h of testing.