管理政策悖论？美国青少年总体和吸烟或使用电子烟的成年人对电子烟广告中文警示标签的反应。
Managing a policy paradox? Responses to textual warning labels on E-cigarette advertisements among U.S. national samples of youth overall and adults who smoke or vape.
机构信息
Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA; Cornell Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2024 Mar;344:116543. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116543. Epub 2023 Dec 25.
CONTEXT
Current use and potential future uptake of e-cigarettes among youth remain public health concerns in the U.S., even as people who smoke combustible cigarettes could benefit from switching completely to e-cigarettes. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering alternative warning messages, but warnings that discourage youth from use may also deter people who smoke from switching. This study tests ten pre-registered hypotheses on effects of warning messages with national samples of youth overall and adults who smoke and/or vape.
METHODS
NORC recruited 1639 adults (ages 18+) who smoke, vape, or use both products, from their probability-sampled AmeriSpeak Panel and augmented their AmeriSpeak Teen Panel with Lucid's nonprobability opt-in panel to recruit 1217 youth (ages 14-17) to participate in a web-based survey experiment. We randomly assigned respondents to view one of five warning label conditions and respond to measures of their e-cigarette risk beliefs, willingness to use e-cigarettes, and (among people who smoke or vape) considerations to quit these products.
FINDINGS
Relative to the current FDA warning about nicotine, warning messages about the harms of e-cigarette use for youth brain development did not influence risk beliefs or reduce willingness to use these products among youth. Brain development warning messages did increase beliefs about these harms among adults but did not increase quit considerations among people who vape, relative to the FDA warning. Warning messages with information about chemical constituents of vaping products and the harm of these chemicals produced higher e-cigarette quit considerations than did the FDA warning among adults who vape.
CONCLUSION
Potential alternative warning label messages were largely ineffective relative to the current FDA warning about nicotine, though limited evidence suggests some potential for chemical + harm messaging to encourage people who use both e-cigarettes and cigarettes to consider quitting both.
背景
在美国，年轻人使用电子烟的现状及其可能的未来发展仍然是公共卫生关注的问题，尽管吸食可燃香烟的人完全改用电子烟可能会受益。美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）正在考虑替代警告信息，但劝阻年轻人使用的警告信息也可能阻止吸烟人士改用电子烟。本研究通过对全美青少年和吸烟/使用电子烟的成年人的样本进行测试，检验了十种关于警告信息效果的预先注册假设。
方法
NORC 从他们的概率抽样 AmeriSpeak 小组中招募了 1639 名成年吸烟者、电子烟使用者或同时使用这两种产品的人，并通过 Lucid 的非概率选择小组扩大了他们的 AmeriSpeak 青少年小组，以招募 1217 名青少年（14-17 岁）参与在线调查实验。我们随机分配受访者查看五种警告标签条件之一，并对他们的电子烟风险信念、使用电子烟的意愿以及（在吸烟或使用电子烟的人中）考虑戒烟这些产品进行了测量。
发现
与目前 FDA 关于尼古丁的警告相比，关于电子烟对青少年大脑发育危害的警告信息并没有影响青少年对这些产品的风险信念或降低他们使用这些产品的意愿。大脑发育警告信息确实增加了成年人对这些危害的信念，但相对于 FDA 的警告，并没有增加电子烟使用者的戒烟考虑。与 FDA 的警告相比，关于电子烟产品化学成分和这些化学物质危害的警告信息产生了更高的电子烟戒烟考虑，电子烟使用者也是如此。
结论
与目前关于尼古丁的 FDA 警告相比，潜在的替代警告标签信息在很大程度上是无效的，尽管有有限的证据表明，关于化学物质+危害的信息可能会鼓励同时使用电子烟和香烟的人考虑同时戒烟。
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