Sparaco Maddalena, Bonavita Simona
Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Feb 1;13(3):835. doi: 10.3390/jcm13030835.
Vitamin D is known for its role in modulating calcium and phosphate homeostasis and is implicated both in bone mineralization and immune system regulation. The immune-modulatory role of vitamin D and its impact on multiple sclerosis (MS) courses are still debated. The aim of this review was to check the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cytokine profile regulation in people with MS. A significant increase in serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-10 and Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 after vitamin D supplementation was demonstrated in most studies, with some of them reporting a reduction in disability scores after vitamin D supplementation and an inverse correlation between IL-10 levels and disability. The effect of vitamin D on the serum levels of IL-17 and IL-6 was controversial; different results across studies could be explained by a variability in the treatment duration, route, and frequency of administration, as well as the dosage of vitamin D supplementation, responses to vitamin D treatment and the serum levels reached with supplementation, including the methods used for cytokine analysis and the different cell types investigated, the MS phenotype, the disease phase (active vs. non-active) and duration, and concomitant treatment with disease-modifying therapies. Nevertheless, the significant increase in the serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1, demonstrated in most studies, suggests an anti-inflammatory effect of vitamin D supplementation.
维生素D以其在调节钙和磷稳态中的作用而闻名，并且与骨矿化和免疫系统调节均有关联。维生素D的免疫调节作用及其对多发性硬化症（MS）病程的影响仍存在争议。本综述的目的是研究补充维生素D对MS患者细胞因子谱调节的影响。大多数研究表明，补充维生素D后血清白细胞介素（IL）-10和转化生长因子（TGF）-β1浓度显著升高，其中一些研究报告补充维生素D后残疾评分降低，且IL-10水平与残疾程度呈负相关。维生素D对血清IL-17和IL-6水平的影响存在争议；不同研究结果的差异可能是由于治疗持续时间、途径、给药频率的不同，以及维生素D补充剂量、对维生素D治疗的反应和补充后达到的血清水平不同，包括细胞因子分析方法和所研究的不同细胞类型、MS表型、疾病阶段（活动期与非活动期）和病程，以及疾病修饰疗法的联合治疗。然而，大多数研究表明血清IL-10和TGF-β1浓度显著升高，提示补充维生素D具有抗炎作用。
