Méndez López Luis Fernando, González Llerena José Luis, Vázquez Rodríguez Jesús Alberto, Medellín Guerrero Alpha Berenice, González Martínez Blanca Edelia, Solís Pérez Elizabeth, López-Cabanillas Lomelí Manuel
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Monterrey 64460, México.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 18;16(24):4363. doi: 10.3390/nu16244363.
Recent insights into the influence of nutrition on immune system components have driven the development of dietary strategies targeting the prevention and management of major metabolic-inflammatory diseases. This review summarizes the bidirectional relationship between nutrition and immunocompetence, beginning with an overview of immune system components and their functions. It examines the effects of nutritional status, dietary patterns, and food bioactives on systemic inflammation, immune cell populations, and lymphoid tissues, as well as their associations with infectious and chronic disease pathogenesis. The mechanisms by which key nutrients influence immune constituents are delineated, focusing on vitamins A, D, E, C, and B, as well as minerals including zinc, iron, and selenium. Also highlighted are the immunomodulatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as bioactive phenolic compounds and probiotics, given their expanding relevance. Each section addresses the implications of nutritional and nutraceutical interventions involving these nutrients within the broader context of major infectious, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases. This review further underscores that, while targeted nutrient supplementation can effectively restore immune function to optimal levels, caution is necessary in certain cases, as it may increase morbidity in specific diseases. In other instances, dietary counseling should be integrated to ensure that therapeutic goals are achieved safely and effectively.
近期对营养对免疫系统组成部分影响的深入了解推动了旨在预防和管理主要代谢炎症性疾病的饮食策略的发展。本综述总结了营养与免疫能力之间的双向关系，首先概述免疫系统组成部分及其功能。它研究了营养状况、饮食模式和食物生物活性物质对全身炎症、免疫细胞群体和淋巴组织的影响，以及它们与传染病和慢性病发病机制的关联。阐述了关键营养素影响免疫成分的机制，重点关注维生素A、D、E、C和B，以及包括锌、铁和硒在内的矿物质。鉴于多不饱和脂肪酸以及生物活性酚类化合物和益生菌的相关性不断增加，它们的免疫调节作用也得到了强调。每个部分都讨论了在主要传染病、代谢病和炎症性疾病的更广泛背景下，涉及这些营养素的营养和营养补充剂干预措施的意义。本综述进一步强调，虽然有针对性的营养补充可以有效地将免疫功能恢复到最佳水平，但在某些情况下需要谨慎，因为它可能会增加特定疾病的发病率。在其他情况下，应结合饮食咨询，以确保安全有效地实现治疗目标。
