Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 24;25(3):1418. doi: 10.3390/ijms25031418.
In this review, we comprehensively present the literature on circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) associated with preeclampsia, a pregnancy-specific disease considered the primary reason for maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. miRNAs are single-stranded non-coding RNAs, 20-24 nt long, which control mRNA expression. Changes in miRNA expression can induce a variation in the relative mRNA level and influence cellular homeostasis, and the strong presence of miRNAs in all body fluids has made them useful biomarkers of several diseases. Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease, but the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. The functions of trophoblasts, including differentiation, proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis, are essential for a successful pregnancy. During the early stages of placental development, trophoblasts are strictly regulated by several molecular pathways; however, an imbalance in these molecular pathways can lead to severe placental lesions and pregnancy complications. We then discuss the role of miRNAs in trophoblast invasion and in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prediction of preeclampsia. We also discuss the potential role of miRNAs from an epigenetic perspective with possible future therapeutic implications.
在这篇综述中，我们全面介绍了与子痫前期相关的循环 microRNAs（miRNAs）的文献，子痫前期是一种妊娠特有的疾病，被认为是孕产妇和胎儿死亡率和发病率的主要原因。miRNAs 是长约 20-24 个核苷酸的单链非编码 RNA，可控制 mRNA 的表达。miRNA 表达的变化可引起相对 mRNA 水平的变化，并影响细胞内稳态，而 miRNA 大量存在于所有体液中，使它们成为多种疾病的有用生物标志物。子痫前期是一种多因素疾病，但发病机制仍不清楚。滋养细胞的功能，包括分化、增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡，对成功妊娠至关重要。在胎盘发育的早期阶段，滋养细胞受到几种分子途径的严格调节；然而，这些分子途径的失衡可导致严重的胎盘损伤和妊娠并发症。然后，我们讨论了 miRNAs 在滋养细胞侵袭以及子痫前期发病机制、诊断和预测中的作用。我们还从表观遗传学的角度探讨了 miRNAs 的潜在作用及其可能的治疗意义。
