Gerede Angeliki, Stavros Sofoklis, Danavasi Maria, Potiris Anastasios, Moustakli Efthalia, Machairiotis Nikolaos, Zikopoulos Athanasios, Nikolettos Konstantinos, Drakakis Peter, Nikolettos Nikolaos, Eleftheriades Makarios, Domali Ekaterini
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, 691 00 Campus, Greece.
Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University General Hospital "ATTIKON", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece.
J Clin Med. 2025 Mar 15;14(6):2003. doi: 10.3390/jcm14062003.
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multifactorial hypertensive disorder that typically manifests after the twentieth week of pregnancy, significantly impacting perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity. Its development is influenced by immunological components, systemic inflammation, and genetic factors, with placental malfunction playing a crucial role. While many aspects of its pathophysiology have been elucidated, its key mechanisms remain incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression, have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PE. Dysregulated miRNAs have been identified in pregnant PE patients, highlighting their role in disease onset. Placenta-specific miRNAs, such as miR-210 and miR-155, influence inflammation, endothelial function, and hypoxia responses, which are closely associated with PE development. These miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating trophoblast invasion, angiogenesis, and immune modulation, further linking their dysregulation to the pathophysiology of PE. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of miRNAs in PE, focusing on their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. By integrating recent advancements in molecular research, we explore their implications in clinical practice, particularly in risk assessment, early detection, and novel treatment strategies.
子痫前期（PE）是一种多因素高血压疾病，通常在妊娠20周后出现，对围产期死亡率和新生儿发病率有重大影响。其发展受免疫成分、全身炎症和遗传因素影响，胎盘功能异常起关键作用。虽然其病理生理学的许多方面已得到阐明，但其关键机制仍未完全了解。微小RNA（miRNA）是调节基因表达的小型非编码RNA分子，已成为子痫前期中有前景的生物标志物和治疗靶点。在患有子痫前期的孕妇中已鉴定出失调的miRNA，突出了它们在疾病发病中的作用。胎盘特异性miRNA，如miR-210和miR-155，影响炎症、内皮功能和缺氧反应，这些与子痫前期的发展密切相关。这些miRNA在调节滋养细胞侵袭、血管生成和免疫调节中起关键作用，进一步将它们的失调与子痫前期的病理生理学联系起来。本综述旨在全面概述miRNA在子痫前期中的作用，重点关注它们作为诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。通过整合分子研究的最新进展，我们探讨它们在临床实践中的意义，特别是在风险评估、早期检测和新的治疗策略方面。
