Dube K C
Comp Med East West. 1979 Fall;6(3):209-28. doi: 10.1142/s0147291778000289.
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, is described in Atharva Veda and in subsequent treatises by Charak, Susrut, and Vagbhatt, containing the details of etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of afflictions in humans and animals. The science of mental disorders (Bhoot-Vidya) describes extensively conditions from mild anger and greed to severe psychoses. This paper presents a synoptic overview comparing the clinical conditions described in Ayurveda with clinical conditions described in the Internationl Classification of Diseases. The symbiotic relationship between 'psyche' and 'soma' was recognised in Ayurveda, attributing the highest importance to psychic energy as the propulsive power of creation--the original force. According to Vedic concepts, personality is composed of three elements (gunas): i. Satva (pure qualities), ii. Rajas (pleasure-seeking propensities and emotions), iii. Tamas (animal-like behavioural tendencies leading to deterioration). Abnormalities result from the excess of Tomas and Rajas. The main therapies are i. suggestion, auto-suggestion, hynotism, assurance, persuasion, and ritualistic therapy; ii. transferring of symptoms; iii. confession, penance, and sacrifice; iv. use of natural elements; v. medicine and endocrine therapies; and vi. tantic and yogic practices.
阿育吠陀，即古印度医学体系，在《阿闼婆吠陀》以及随后由阇罗迦、妙闻和瓦格巴多所著的论文中均有描述，其中包含了人类和动物疾病的病因、症状、诊断及治疗细节。精神疾病科学（Bhoot-Vidya）广泛描述了从轻微愤怒和贪婪到严重精神病等各种情况。本文对阿育吠陀中描述的临床病症与《国际疾病分类》中描述的临床病症进行了简要概述比较。阿育吠陀认识到“心理”与“身体”之间的共生关系，将心理能量视为创造的驱动力——原始力量，赋予其至高无上的重要性。根据吠陀概念，人格由三种元素（guna）组成：一、萨埵（纯净品质）；二、罗阇（追求愉悦的倾向和情感）；三、答摩（导致退化的类似动物的行为倾向）。异常情况是由答摩和罗阇过多导致的。主要治疗方法有：一、暗示、自我暗示、催眠、保证、劝说和仪式疗法；二、症状转移；三、忏悔、苦行和祭祀；四、使用自然元素；五、药物和内分泌疗法；六、坦陀罗和瑜伽修行。
