Department of Road and Urban Transport, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communication, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Feb 5;24(3):1029. doi: 10.3390/s24031029.
This article deals with the implementation of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) in a selected company. The aim is to analyse the use of AGVs in our country and abroad and to provide information about the use of AGVs in other countries and operations other than ours. The result of the analysis was a literature review, which points out the individual advantages and disadvantages of the use of AGVs in companies. Within the review we also address the issue of AMR vehicles, due to the modernization of existing AGVs in the company, or the replacement of AMRs with AGVs in general. Our aim is to show why AGVs can replace human work. This is mainly because of the continuous increase in the wages of employees, because of safety, but also because of the modernization of the selected company. The company has positive experience of AGVs in other sites. We wanted to point out a higher form of automation, and how it would be possible to use AMR vehicles for the same work as AGVs. In the company, we have identified jobs where we would like to introduce AGVs or AMR vehicles. Consequently, we chose the AGV from CEIT operated by magnetic tape and the AMR from SEER as an example. Based on studies, the demand for AGVs is expected to increase by up to 17% in 2019-2024. Therefore, the company is looking into the issue of the implementation of AGVs at multiple sites. The question which remains is the economic return and the possibility of investing in the automation of processes in the company, which we discuss in more detail in the conclusion of the article and in the research. The article describes the exact processes for AGVs, their workload, and also the routes for AGVs, such as loading/unloading points, stopping points, checkpoints, junctions with other AGVs, charging stations, and field elements, as well as their speed, frequency and the possibility of collision with other AGVs. Our research shows that by applying the new technology, the company will save a large amount of money on employee wages. The purchase of two AGVs will cost the company EUR 49,000, while the original technology used in the company cost EUR 79,200 annually. The payback period for such an investment is 8 months. The benefits of implementing AGVs are evaluated in the last section of this paper, where both the economic and time requirements of the different proposals are included. This section also includes recommendations for improving specific parts of the enterprise.
本文讨论了在选定公司中实施自动导引车 (AGV) 的问题。目的是分析国内外 AGV 的使用情况，并提供有关其他国家和我们不同运营情况下 AGV 使用的信息。分析的结果是文献综述，指出了公司中使用 AGV 的个别优缺点。在综述中，我们还讨论了 AMR 车辆的问题，这是由于公司中现有 AGV 的现代化，或者一般来说用 AMR 车辆代替 AGV。我们的目的是展示为什么 AGV 可以替代人工工作。这主要是因为员工工资的不断增加，出于安全考虑，但也因为选定公司的现代化。该公司在其他地点有使用 AGV 的积极经验。我们想指出一种更高形式的自动化，以及如何将 AMR 车辆用于与 AGV 相同的工作。在公司中，我们确定了希望引入 AGV 或 AMR 车辆的工作岗位。因此，我们选择了 CEIT 操作的基于磁带的 AGV 和 SEER 的 AMR 作为示例。根据研究，预计 2019-2024 年 AGV 的需求将增长高达 17%。因此，该公司正在多个地点研究实施 AGV 的问题。剩下的问题是在公司的投资回报率和自动化流程的可能性，我们在文章的结论和研究中更详细地讨论了这个问题。本文详细描述了 AGV 的具体流程、其工作量，以及 AGV 的路线，例如装卸点、停靠点、检查点、与其他 AGV 的交叉口、充电站和现场元素，以及它们的速度、频率和与其他 AGV 碰撞的可能性。我们的研究表明，通过应用新技术，公司将在员工工资上节省大量资金。购买两台 AGV 将花费公司 49,000 欧元，而公司原有的技术每年花费 79,200 欧元。这种投资的回报期为 8 个月。本文最后一节评估了实施 AGV 的效益，其中包括不同方案的经济和时间要求。这一节还包括对企业特定部分进行改进的建议。
