Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Aksum University, Axum, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Science and Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Feb 13;24(1):191. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09066-w.
Food borne diseases is a challenging problem nowadays. Salmonella and Shigella species are great concern of food-born outbreaks. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility test and associated factors of Salmonella and Shigella species in fruit juices and salads.
A community based cross sectional study design was carried out on 50 juice houses from December to March 2020 in Mekelle. One hundred fifty samples were collected aseptically from the juice houses for laboratory analysis. Information related to risk factors was obtained using a structured questionnaire. In the laboratory, samples were homogenized using peptone water and incubated overnight for enrichment. Then, Salmonella and Shigella species were isolated on Salmonella-Shigella agar and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar. Disc diffusion method was used to perform antimicrobial susceptibility test. Using SPSS (version 22) package, descriptive statistics and Chi square test (χ2) were used to analyze the data, and p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella species was 41/150 (27.33%; 95% CI: 20.20 - 34.46) with 33 (22%) Salmonella spp. and 8(5.33%) Shigella spp. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of both Salmonella and Shigella spp.showed high resistance against ampicillin (100%), tetracycline (63.6 and 62.5%, respectively) and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (100%). Accessibility of fruits to flies and dust had statistical association (p = 0.021) with occurrence of Salmonell a and/or Shigella spp.
The overall prevalence of Salmonella and Shigella spp. was found to be significant. The resistant rate of isolates against ampicillin, tetracycline and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was high. Storage sites for fruits should be inaccessible to flies and dust. Therefore, routine monitoring of juice houses should be promoted and regular evaluation of bacterial resistance pattern should be done for selective antimicrobial therapy. Furthermore, consistent training of juice makers on food safety and hygiene should be implemented by the concerned body.
食源性疾病是当今的一个挑战。沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌是食源性疾病爆发的主要关注点。因此，本研究旨在评估水果汁和沙拉中沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的流行率、抗药性测试和相关因素。
这是一项在 2020 年 12 月至 3 月期间于梅克莱进行的基于社区的横断面研究设计。从 50 家果汁店无菌采集 150 份样本进行实验室分析。使用结构化问卷获取与危险因素相关的信息。在实验室中，使用蛋白胨水将样本均质化并孵育过夜进行富集。然后，在沙门氏菌-志贺氏菌琼脂和木糖赖氨酸去氧胆酸盐琼脂上分离沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌。使用纸片扩散法进行抗药性测试。使用 SPSS（版本 22）包，采用描述性统计和卡方检验（χ2）对数据进行分析，p<0.05 为统计学显著。
沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的总流行率为 41/150（27.33%；95%CI：20.20-34.46），其中 33 株（22%）为沙门氏菌，8 株（5.33%）为志贺氏菌。沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的抗药性测试均显示对氨苄西林（100%）、四环素（分别为 63.6%和 62.5%）和阿莫西林-克拉维酸（100%）具有高度耐药性。水果容易接触苍蝇和灰尘与沙门氏菌和/或志贺氏菌的发生有统计学关联（p=0.021）。
沙门氏菌和志贺氏菌的总流行率较高。分离株对氨苄西林、四环素和阿莫西林-克拉维酸的耐药率较高。水果的储存场所应避免苍蝇和灰尘进入。因此，应推广对果汁店的常规监测，并定期评估细菌耐药模式，以进行选择性抗菌治疗。此外，应通过相关机构对果汁制造商进行食品安全和卫生方面的持续培训。
