使用新型陶瓷打印机打印的 3Y-TZP 氧化锆的双轴弯曲强度。

OBJECTIVES: To compare the strength and reliability of 3D-printed 3Y-TZP zirconia manufactured with various printing orientations and staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of one-hundred cylindrical zirconia specimens were designed and fabricated using 3D printing and processed according to ISO 6872 standards. Of these specimens, 80 were 3D printed using the new ZIPRO-D (ZD) 3D ceramic printer. In this ZD group, 60 specimens were printed in a vertical orientation and were either stained after debinding (ZD1, x-orientation, n = 20) or not stained (ZD2, x-orientation, n = 20; ZD3, y-orientation, n = 20) and the remaining 20 specimens out of n = 80 were printed in a horizontal orientation (ZD4). Further 20 specimens out of the entire sample N = 100 were printed vertically with the CeraFab7500 3D ceramic printer (LC). All completed specimens were loaded until fracture using a universal testing machine. Biaxial flexural strengths and Weibull parameters were computed for the ZD groups and for the LC group. Group and sub-group effects were evaluated using Welch ANOVA (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: The mean (standard deviation, SD) biaxial flexural strengths of vertically oriented ZD samples with (ZD1) and without (ZD2/ZD3) staining were 811 (197) and 850 (152) MPa, respectively (p > 0.05). The ZD4 (horizontally printed), 1107 (144) MPa, and LC (1238 (327)) MPa samples had higher mean (SD) flexural strengths than the ZD1-3 specimens. No difference was observed between the ZD4 and LC group (p > 0.05). Weibull moduli were between m = 4.6 (ZD1) and 9.1 (ZD4) in the ZD group and m = 3.5 in the LC group. CONCLUSIONS: All tested 3D-printed zirconia specimens exceeded the flexural strengths required for class 5 restorations according to ISO 6872 standards. While the flexural strengths of zirconia printed using the novel ZD device in the vertical orientation are lower than those of zirconia printed using the LC printer, the ZD printer shows at least comparable reliability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: 3D-printing of zirconia is a new technology in dental application. Based on the presented strengths values, clinical application of 3D-printed zirconia for fixed dental protheses can be recommended.

目的：比较不同打印方向和染色的 3D 打印 3Y-TZP 氧化锆的强度和可靠性。

材料和方法：共设计和制作了 100 个圆柱形氧化锆样本，使用 3D 打印，并按照 ISO 6872 标准进行加工。其中 80 个样本使用新型 ZIPRO-D（ZD）3D 陶瓷打印机进行 3D 打印。在 ZD 组中，60 个样本采用垂直方向打印，其中 30 个样本在脱胶后染色（ZD1，x 方向，n=20），30 个样本不染色（ZD2，x 方向，n=20；ZD3，y 方向，n=20），剩余 20 个样本（n=80）采用水平方向打印（ZD4）。另外 20 个样本（n=100）在整个样本 N=100 中使用 CeraFab7500 3D 陶瓷打印机（LC）垂直打印。所有完成的样本都使用万能试验机加载至断裂。计算 ZD 组和 LC 组的双轴弯曲强度和威布尔参数。使用 Welch ANOVA（alpha=0.05）评估组和子组的效果。

结果：经染色（ZD1）和未经染色（ZD2/ZD3）的垂直定向 ZD 样本的平均（标准偏差，SD）双轴弯曲强度分别为 811（197）和 850（152）MPa（p>0.05）。ZD4（水平打印）、1107（144）MPa 和 LC（1238（327））MPa 样本的平均弯曲强度高于 ZD1-3 样本。ZD4 组和 LC 组之间没有观察到差异（p>0.05）。ZD 组的威布尔模数在 m=4.6（ZD1）和 9.1（ZD4）之间，LC 组的威布尔模数为 m=3.5。

结论：根据 ISO 6872 标准，所有测试的 3D 打印氧化锆样本均超过了 5 类修复体所需的弯曲强度。虽然使用新型 ZD 设备在垂直方向打印的氧化锆的弯曲强度低于使用 LC 打印机打印的氧化锆，但 ZD 打印机的可靠性至少相当。

临床相关性：氧化锆的 3D 打印是牙科应用中的一项新技术。基于所呈现的强度值，可以推荐 3D 打印氧化锆用于固定牙科修复体。