Incidence of and Risk Factors for Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Bloodstream Infections in Children.

OBJECTIVE

Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) bloodstream infection (BSI) is associated with poor prognosis. We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for 3GC-R () BSI in children.

METHODS

Patients with BSIs who were hospitalized at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively enrolled. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the independent risk factors for 3GC-R BSI.

RESULTS

Two hundred fifty-two children with BSIs were enrolled. The mortality rate was 11.51% (29/252). The infection rate of 3GC-R was 48.81% (123/252), and the incidence of BSI during hospitalization was 18.58 per 1000 person-days. Approximately half (47.22%, 119/252) of the children were infected with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) produced by . More than one-third (37.30%, 94/252) of the children were unnecessarily administrated carbapenems. According to our logistic regression analysis, a history of carbapenem administration, an elevated Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA) score ≥2, and antimicrobial agent administration before blood culture were independently associated with 3GC-R BSI (odds ratio [OR] 2.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-3.94, P=0.029; OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.10-3.71, P=0.025, OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.02-3.42, P=0.044, respectively).

CONCLUSION

In this study, the incidence of 3GC-R BSI among children was retrospectively evaluated. Patients with a history of carbapenem administration, an elevated pSOFA score ≥2 and who were administrated antimicrobial agents before blood culture had an increased risk of 3GC-R BSI.