Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Nanoscale. 2024 Feb 22;16(8):3881-3914. doi: 10.1039/d3nr05656b.
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) comprise a wide range of RNA species whose length exceeds 200 nucleotides, which regulate the expression of genes and cellular functions in a wide range of organisms. Several diseases, including malignancy, have been associated with lncRNA dysregulation. Due to their functions in cancer development and progression, lncRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Several studies have investigated the anti-cancer properties of lncRNAs; however, only a few lncRNAs have been found to exhibit tumor suppressor properties. Furthermore, their length and poor stability make them difficult to synthesize. Thus, to overcome the instability of lncRNAs, poor specificity, and their off-target effects, researchers have constructed nanocarriers that encapsulate lncRNAs. Recently, translational medicine research has focused on delivering lncRNAs into tumor cells, including cancer cells, through nano-drug delivery systems . The developed nanocarriers can protect, target, and release lncRNAs under controlled conditions without appreciable adverse effects. To deliver lncRNAs to cancer cells, various nanocarriers, such as exosomes, microbubbles, polymer nanoparticles, 1,2-dioleyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane chloride nanocarriers, and virus-like particles, have been successfully developed. Despite this, every nanocarrier has its own advantages and disadvantages when it comes to delivering nucleic acids effectively and safely. This article examines the current status of nanocarriers for lncRNA delivery in cancer therapy, focusing on their potential to enhance cancer treatment.
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是一类长度超过 200 个核苷酸的 RNA 分子，它们在多种生物体中调节基因表达和细胞功能。多种疾病，包括恶性肿瘤，都与 lncRNA 失调有关。由于它们在癌症发展和进展中的功能，lncRNA 已成为癌症诊断和治疗中有前途的生物标志物和治疗靶点。已有多项研究探讨了 lncRNA 的抗癌特性；然而，只有少数 lncRNA 被发现具有肿瘤抑制特性。此外，它们的长度和较差的稳定性使其难以合成。因此，为了克服 lncRNA 的不稳定性、较差的特异性和其脱靶效应，研究人员构建了包裹 lncRNA 的纳米载体。最近，转化医学研究的重点是通过纳米药物递送系统将 lncRNA 递送到肿瘤细胞，包括癌细胞中。开发的纳米载体可以在控制条件下保护、靶向和释放 lncRNA，而不会产生明显的不良反应。为了将 lncRNA 递送到癌细胞，已经成功开发了各种纳米载体，如外泌体、微泡、聚合物纳米颗粒、1,2-二油酰基-3-三甲基铵丙烷氯化物纳米载体和病毒样颗粒。尽管如此，当涉及到有效和安全地递送核酸时，每种纳米载体都有其自身的优势和劣势。本文探讨了用于癌症治疗中 lncRNA 递送的纳米载体的现状，重点关注它们增强癌症治疗的潜力。
